Sago bark and sago pulp are biomass waste from the sago processing process that has not been optimally utilized. The high calorific value of sago bark and pulp, which is 4666.5 cal/gr and 4000 cal/gr, has the potential to be used as briquette fuel. This study aims to analyze the physical and combustion characteristics of briquettes mixed with sago bark and pulp, the concentration of PM2.5 from …
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is characterized by very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) of 33,600 and 12,667 mg/l respectively, which require treatment to remove these parameters. Treatment with biological reactors such as two-stages UASB can be used, but after passing through the biological reactor process, POME still contain high COD and TSS concentration of 9…
Peat water has special characteristics, namely a low pH between 3-5, red-brown in color and contains a lot of organic substances so it does not meet the requirements to meet clean water standards, so it needs to be processed so that it can be used for daily needs. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the flocculation coagulation process with PAC coagulant on the settling proces…
Microplastics are plastic particles with a size of 1 μm – 5 mm that are widely present in surface water and sediments. Increased exposure of microplastics in water can affect food chain cycles, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in fish. This study aims to analyze the abundance, types, and polymer types of microplastics in surface water and fish in the Air Hitam River, Pekanbaru…
Microplastics defined as solid synthetic polymers that have a microscopic size, which is between 0,001-5 mm. Microplastics are one of the most alarming pollutants today, because through the process of biomagnification microplastics can lead to the accumulation of toxic substances in aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to analyze microplastics abundance, types, and polymer compositions in water …
Palm Empty Bunches (EFB) is a biomass that is rich in carbon elements, making EFB has the potential as activated carbon. Activated carbon has many uses as an adsorbent because it has high absorption power due to the pores in the activated carbon material. The process of making activated carbon consists of three stages, the dehydration stage, carbonization, and activation process. This research …
Peat water has a brown to dark black color, this is due to the organic plant material turning into peat and the high content of dissolved organic substances (humus materiasl) in the form of humic acid and its derivatives. One method used to reduce organic substances and the color of peat water is to use the flocculation coagulation process. Coagulation and flocculation can be used to reduce tur…
Leachate contains high organic pollutants, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, and phosphorus that can interfere with human health, pollute the environment and surrounding aquatic biota if disposed without treatment. Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is one method that can be used to process leachate. SBR combines aeration and sedimentation methods using activated sludge in one reactor. SBR consi…
Leachate is derived from the decomposition process of landfill waste that collects at the bottom of the landfill which contains high organic contaminants, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and lead which can interfere with human health, pollute the environment, and surrounding aquatic biota. Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is one of the activated sludge methods that can be used to treat leachat…
Phenol is anintermediate product that is needed by many downstream industry. The uses od phenol include as a raw material in the manufacture of phenolic resins which are widely used in the sandpaper industry and wood industry as well as in the manufacture of phenol aldehyde resins. The main raw material used is cumene using the versalis/lummus technology process. This factory is planned to oper…
Pyridine is a heterocyclic organic compound that is basic. The structure of pyridine is similar to benzene where one methyl group is replaced by a nitrogen atom. Pyridine has been widely used in various industrial sectors. The pharmaceutical industry uses pyridine in the manufacture of drugs such as antimicrobial agents, antiviral agents, antidiabetic agents, and anti-inflammatory agents. The a…
Oil palm as a plant that produces palm oil and palm kernel is one of the favorite plantation crops which is a source of non-oil and gas foreign exchange for Indonesia. In Indonesia, the cooking oil most often used is palm cooking oil. This condition is caused by Indonesia being a palm oil producing country, this oil is also quite ideal in terms of price and availability. This feasibility study …
Oil palm (Elaeis Quinensis, Jacq) is a tropical plant belonging to the Palmae family and originating from West Africa. Processing palm oil fruit will produce crude palm oil (CPO or Crude Palm Oil) which is yellow and palm kernel oil (PKO or Palm Kernel Oil) which is colorless (clear). One of the components contained in CPO is palmitic acid with high composition, namely around 44%. Palmitic acid…
Vinyl chloride is generally produced as a material for making polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The aim of establishing a vinyl chloride factory is to increase domestic production capacity and build Indonesia's ability to become an exporter. Vinyl chloride is produced through a direct chlorination process with the main raw materials being ethylene and chlorine. This process tak…
Pre-design of a Diisopropyl Ether Plant with Main Equipment Design for an Fixed Bed Multitube Reactor with a production capacity of 56,000 tons/year. The raw material used in designing a diisopropyl ether factory is acetone (C3H6O) and hydrogen (H2). The processes used are the Hydrogenation and Etherification processes. The raw material preparation process begins by changing the pressure and te…
Vinyl chloride is generally produced as a material for making polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The aim of establishing a vinyl chloride factory is to increase domestic production capacity and build Indonesia's ability to become an exporter. Vinyl chloride is produced through a direct chlorination process with the main raw materials being ethylene and chlorine. This process takes p…
Vinyl chloride is a colorless, gaseous, and highly flammable chlorinated hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C2H3Cl. Vinyl chloride is used in the polymer industry, such as making polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is widely used as a plastic material, adhesive layer, and pipe. The raw material used in making vinyl chloride are ethylene and chlorine. The direct chlorination process of et…
Aniline is an organic compound which is included in the aromatic compounds with the molecular formula C6H5NH2 in the form of a colorless oily liquid which has a characteristic sweet amine odor. Aniline is used as an initial raw material for synthesizing dyes, a raw material for the synthesis of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and is also used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber, th…
Benzoic acid is a chemical compound with the formula C6H5COOH which is a simple cyclic aromatic compound (C6H¬¬6) linked to a carboxylic group (COOH). This product is a chemical in the form of a solid organic acid in the form of white flakes, flammable, soluble in alcohol, ether, volatile and explosive. Benzoic acid can be synthesized from various organic substances such as benzyl alcohol, be…
Bisphenol-A or commonly abbreviated as BPA, also known as 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, is an organic component with two phenol functional groups. Bisphenol-A is used to produce polycarbonate plastics and resins. The reason for establishing a Bisphenol-A factory in Indonesia is to meet domestic needs so as to reduce the value of imports. The Bisphenol-A factory uses raw materials in the for…