ABSTRACT Phenol or hydroxybenzene is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH, has a molecular weight of 94.11 g / mol and is hygroscopic. Phenol compounds have a melting point of 41 oC and a boiling point of 181.9 oC. Phenol has a limited solubility in water which is 8.3 g / 100 mL. The process of making phenol starts from the alkylation of benzene with propylene to cumene using …
ABSTRACT Biobutanol is an alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels which can be produced from natural materials or from production waste containing sugar and starch. The main raw materials used in the manufacture of biobutanol by the fermentation process are off grade glucose and the bacteria Clostridium acetobutylicum. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work …
ABSTRACT Surfactants have many uses in the industrial world, namely as emulsifiers, wetting agents and detergents. The main raw materials used in making biosurfactants using the fermentation process are Off-Grade Glucose and P.aeruginosa bacteria. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work continuously 24 hours/day with a capacity of 8,000 tons/year which will be establi…
ABSTRACT Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid composed of 16 carbon atoms with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)14COOH. In the current industrial era, palmitic acid has an important role and is widely used in the fields of cosmetics and coloring. The main raw materials used in making palmitic acid using this hydrolysis process are CPO and water. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days …
Formic or methanoic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids with the molecular formula CH2O2. Formic acid is an important organic product that is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, leather, cellulose industry in the production of pentaerythritol, latex, and as a preservative for feed ingredients in agriculture. The main raw materials used are formaldehyde and oxygen using the form…
ABSTRACT Formic or methanoic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids with the molecular formula CH2O2. Formic acid is an important organic product that is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, leather, cellulose industry in the production of pentaerythritol, latex, and as a preservative for feed ingredients in agriculture. The main raw materials used are formaldehyde and oxygen usin…
ABSTRACT Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid composed of 16 carbon atoms (CH3(CH2)14COOH). Palmitic acid has a high composition, namely around 44%. When viewed from a nutritional perspective, palmitic acid is an important source of calories. Apart from that, this product is also widely used in the fields of cosmetics and coloring. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year an…
ABSTRACT Ethylene glycol with the molecular formula C2H6O2 is a colorless and odorless liquid, relatively volatile with low viscosity. Ethylene glycol is used mainly as an antifreeze in car radiators and as a raw material for the manufacture of polyester fibers, besides that as an auxiliary material in the latex industry and coolant in compressors. The main raw materials used in the manufactur…
ABSTRACT Calcium hydroxide is a chemical compound that is very useful as a raw material in the gypsum, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), citric acid, paper and sugar industries. Based on BPS data, Indonesia is one of the most important calcium hydroxide producers in the Asian region. Therefore, a calcium hydroxide factory was designed to operate continuously for 330 days/year with a capa…
ABSTRACT Pyridine is a heterocyclic organic compound whose structure resembles benzene where one methyl group is replaced by a nitrogen atom with the chemical formula C5H5N. Pyridine is used as a raw material for pharmaceuticals, paint solvents, rubber, and polycarbonate resins. The need for pyridine in Indonesia is still met through import activities. The pyridine plant is planned to operate …
ABSTRACT Pre-fabricated Vinyl Chloride Monomer plant of acetylene and chlorine is designed with a capacity of 89,700 tonnes/year to be planned to be built in the Balaraja Industrial Area, Banten. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days in a year with a total of 342 employees. Vinyl monomer chloride is made by hydrochlorination of acetylene with the help of K2PdCl4 catalysis at the gas pha…
ABSTR ABSTRABSTRACT Ethylene dichloride or 1,2-dichloroethane with the molecular formula C2H4Cl2 is a reactive and highly toxic organic compound characterized by a clear, oil-like liquid with a chloroform-like odor. The high demand for EDC (ethylene dichloride) in Indonesia is still met through imports from several countries such as China, the United States, Germany, Korea, and Qatar. The prod…
ABSTRACT Polyethylene terephthalate (abbreviated as PET, PETE or formerly PETP, PET-P) is a thermoplastic plastic polymer resin of the polyester group. PET is widely produced in the chemical industry and is used in synthetic fibers, beverage bottles and food containers, thermoforming applications and combined with glass fibers in engineering resins. PET is also a raw material in the textile in…
ABSTRACT Potassium Phosphate (KH2PO4) is one of the few inorganic fertilizers produced locally. This fertilizer consists of the main components of potassium and phosphate where these elements are macronutrients needed by plants. The need for imports of Potassium Phosphate in Indonesia has tended to increase in the last five years. Potassium Phosphate production plants are still minimally estab…
ABSTRACT Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer that has the following monomeric structure: -CH2=CH2. Polypropylene is the raw material for making various kinds of plastic goods with the current market price of 2500-3000 USD/ton. Polypropylene is an important and widely used thermoplastic polymer. The development of various variations and the breadth of its use, it is possible to manipulate …
ABSTRACT Indonesia as a developing country currently is trying to fulfill the needs of various chemicals to accelerate industrialization process. The need for lactic acid in Indonesia is currently still met by imports. Based on BPS 2021 data, total lactic acid imports in 2020 is amounted to 8,308,802 Kg. Therefore, efforts are needed to develop domestic lactic acid production to reduce depende…
ABSTRACT Ethylene dichloride or 1,2-dichloroethane with the molecular formula C2H4Cl2 is a reactive and highly toxic organic compound characterized by a clear, oil-like liquid with a chloroform-like odor. The high demand for EDC (ethylene dichloride) in Indonesia is still met through imports from several countries such as China, the United States, Germany, Korea, and Qatar. The production …
ABSTRACT Aniline is an organic compound which is included in the aromatic compounds with the molecular formula C6H5NH2. Aniline is used as an initial raw material for the synthesis of dyes, vulcanization accelerator for rubber, production of herbicides, pesticides and medicines. Its most important use is found in the synthesis of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) which is a precursor to po…
ABSTRACT Tertiary Butyl Alcohol is one of the four isomers of butanol which is also known as Tertiary Butyl Alcohol, 2-Methyl-2-Propanol, Trimethyl Carbinol, often abbreviated as TBA an has the molecular formula C4H9OH. The main raw materials used in making Tertiary Butyl Alcohol are isobutene and water. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work continuously for 24 hours p…
ABSTRACT Phenol or hydroxybenzen is an organic compound that has one hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring with the molecular formula C6H5OH. Phenol is one of the intermediate materials needed for downstream industries and advanced intermediate industries including as raw material for the manufacture of bisphenol-A used in the plastics industry, raw material for the caprolactant industry…