CD Disertasi

Model Resolusi Konflik Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat Dalam Kawasan Hutan Di Provinsi Riau

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Riau Province is one of the provinces that has
superior palm oil products and is the province with the largest oil palm plantations
reaching 25,46% of Indonesia's total plantation area of 16,381,957 ha. In 2020 the
area of oil palm plantations in Riau reached 4,170,481 ha (P3ES, 2020), with details
of smallholder oil palm plantations covering 3,375,018 (80,93%) and large
plantations covering 795,463 ha (19,07%). The area of oil palm plantations in Riau
is an important note, where 1,896,662 ha or 45.48% of the total area of oil palm
cover indicated in the forest area is dominated by nine districts, namely: Rokan
Hilir (392,916 ha); Rokan Hulu (241,355 ha); Kampar (168,144 ha); Bengkalis
(248,463 ha); Indragiri Hulu (228,323 ha), Pelalawan (206,857 ha), Siak (76.618
ha); Indragiri Hilir (139,532 ha) and Dumai ( 73,325 ha) (P3ES, 2020). From the
area of oil palm plantations in the forest area, it is dominated by smallholder oil
palm plantations which reach 1,832.230 ha (96,60%), while large (corporate)
plantations cover 64,432 ha (3,40%) and this will be an important obstacle to getting
to oil palm plantations sustainable palm oil. The extent of the oil palm plantations
often creates land ownership conflicts (Harun and Dwiprabowo, 2014) due to
adequate administration of plantation land and overlapping uses that are not in
accordance with the designation. So that there are tenurial conflicts between the
forestry sector and the plantation sector. Conflicts between oil palm farmers tend to
occur more between farmers and the state (vertical conflicts) as the management
stakeholders of land that is still grouped in forest areas. Lateness is currently an
issue in overcoming palm oil conflicts in forest areas. The tendency of forest control
for oil palm cultivation in forest areas because the process of establishing forest
areas has not been completed, negligence of supervision and unclear boundaries
have become the basis for using advances for community groups who are gardening
in forest areas. There are many typologies of forest area control conflicts that occur
in the community, and each has its own unique characteristics. Land conflict
resolution is very important to implement for a balance between ecological,
economic, and social aspects, all of which lead to human welfare. This is the
purpose of this study, namely to find a conflict resolution model for people's oil
palm plantations in forest areas. According to the results of research and various
literatures that vertical problems will be easier to solve than horizontal problems,
especially after the issuance of the 2020 UU Cipta Kerja. UU Cipta Kerja and its
derivatives of the UU Cipta Kerja (PP-Kepmen LHK). Therefore, the vertical
conflict resolution model will be very important to be modeled as conflict resolution
for farmers who are not accommodated in UU Cipta Kerja and its derivatives. The
design of this model of conflict resolution (conflict resolution) between plantations
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and forestry must first outline the existing regulations in the form of a typology of
conflict resolution.
Materials and Methods: The research combines qualitative and quantitative
research (mixed methods). Secondary data collection techniques through
documentation studies and literature studies. To find out the existing condition of
smallholder oil palm plantations in the production forest area, it was obtained
through spatial analysis. Meanwhile, data on the distribution of potential land
conflicts were obtained from field surveys using a global position system (GPS)
tool. Furthermore, the primary data was carried out by spatial analysis using a
geographic information system (GIS). The limitation of this research is the land of
oil palm farmers in production forest areas (Limited Production Forest, Conversion
Forest and Production Forest). For the analysis of the sustainability of smallholder
oil palm plantations indicated to be included in production forest areas using a
multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach, namely the approach to the RAPFISH
(Rapid Assessment Technique for Fisheries) program and in designing a conflict
resolution model, combining the results of MDS analysis and policy analysis.
Results and Discussion: Based on the analysis of the sustainability of smallholder
oil palm plantations in forest areas, it was approached using the MDS method and
4 dimensions of sustainability observation, including the ecological dimension, the
economic dimension, the legal and governance dimensions and the social
dimension. Viewed from the ecological dimension, it shows that the condition of
smallholder oil palm plantations is in terms of sustainability. The economic
dimension and social dimension of community oil palm plantations are included in
the category of moderately sustainable and from these three dimensions it is known
that the social dimension is quite high level of sustainability. However, the legal
and governance dimensions of Smallholder oil palm plantations show an
unsustainable condition. The results of the MDS analysis show that the
sustainability index of community oil palm plantations for the ecological dimension
is 63.84 (sufficiently sustainable), the social dimension is 69.59 (sufficiently
sustainable), the economic dimension is 59.79 (sufficiently sustainable), and law
and governance is 40.61 (less sustainable). Meanwhile, the main trigger for forest
area conflicts in the community related to plantation land indicated to be included
in forest areas in Riau Province is the unilateral designation of forest areas based
on the Forest Use Agreement through the issuance of the Decree of the Minister of
Forestry Number 173 of 1986 concerning the designation of forest areas in Riau
Province. The designation of forest areas, which is actually the initial stage of a
series of forest area gazettement processes, has not been followed up completely so
that currently only around 39.15% of the total forest area in Riau Province has been
demarcated and the Decree on Forest Area Determination has been issued. As a
result, currently there are non-forestry objects that are claimed to be included in
forest areas, especially forest areas that have not been determined. Based on UU
Cipta Kerja and its derivatives, it is expected to be able to solve the problems of
farmers' land in forest areas. From the typology grouping of forestry problems in
the UU Cipta Kerja, it is known that there are four typologies of conflict resolution,
but these four typologies do not represent all the existing problems in the field. For
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this reason, from the results of this study, a fifth typology has been designed to
solve the problem of oil palm plantation land in forest areas that are not
accommodated in typologies one to four.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that from the
economic, social and ecological aspects, it is known that these three aspects of the
indicator are already included in the sustainability criteria, only the legal aspects of
forestry management are not yet sustainable. This means that if this fifth typology
can be applied then smallholder oil palm plantations will be included in the
sustainable group and in line with the Presidential Instruction through the National
Action Plan for Sustainable Oil Palm Plantations.
Bibliography: 142 (from 1972 to 2021)

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

10 01. 321 (0014)

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau – Pascasarjana – Disertasi Ilmu Lingkungan., 2021

Deskripsi Fisik

xiii, 186 hlm.: ill.: 29 cm

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

10 01. 321 (0014)

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

FATAH

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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