The need for polyvinyl alcohol in Indonesia is increasing every year. Based on polyvinyl alcohol import data in the last 5 years (2015-2019), the need for polyvinyl alcohol in Indonesia in 2019 increased to 1073,547 tonnes/year (Central Statistics Agency, 2022). Indonesia imports poly(vinyl) alcohol from several industries in the world. Until now, no polyvinyl alcohol factory has been establish…
Indonesia is a developing country and focuses on carrying out various kinds of development and improvement, especially in the industrial sector. One of the development focusessector industry is the polymer production industry. Currently, many of the polymer raw materials used come from imports, making the price of goods expensive. The effort to overcome dependence on polymer imports is by estab…
Butyraldehyde is a compound that has an aldehyde group which is widely used in the chemical industry. Butyraldehyde is produced through the hydroformylation reaction of propylene or the reaction between propylene gas and synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen). This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work continuously 24 hours/day with a capacity of 50,000 tons/year wh…
Oxalic acid has various industrial applications, including textile dyeing, iron coating (rust prevention), electrolytes, cork bleaching, cobalt production, agrochemical raw materials, pharmaceuticals, and more. The establishment of an oxalic acid plant aims to meet domestic demand and enhance Indonesia's capability as an exporter. The production process involves glucose oxidation using molasses…
Taxus sumatrana is a medicinal plant from the Taxaceae family. This plant is also known as Sumatran pine, tampinur batu, or spur wood, and is currently widely used as an anticancer drug. As a result, we conducted a study on the T. sumatrana species, aiming to isolate and characterize secondary metabolite compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of the branch bark and conducted toxicity tests us…
Loranthus ferrugineus is a plant that grows on tea as a host. It belongs to the Loranthaceae family and has been used as a medicinal plant. The leaves and stems of L. ferrugineus contain various chemical constituents with several biological activities. According to various studies, L. ferrugineus contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. Th…
Calophyllum tetrapterum is a medicinal plant that grows in Indonesia. Calophyllum has a variety of secondary metabolites, including coumarins, xanthones, terpenoids, benzophenones, and flavonoids. Secondary metabolites in this genus have several biological activities, including antiviral, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anticancer. The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize secon…
Asplenium nidus Linn is a fern that belongs to the Aspleniaceae family and lives as an epiphyte. Other species from the Aspleniaceae family, such as A. robustum, A. caudatum, and A. tenerum, are known to contain secondary metabolite compounds, incluiding flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which exhibit antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. The limited information about the …
Loranthus ferrugineus is a parasitic plant belonging to the Loranthaceae family. This plant has been used to cure various human diseases, such as diabetes, inflammation, and cancer. A number of studies have been carried out showing that plants from the Loranthaceae family have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activity. The aim of this research is to isolate and characteriz…
Pyrazoline is a five-ring heterocyclic compound with two adjacent nitrogen atoms and one endocyclic double bond. Pyrazolin has many bioactivities, one of which is anti-lung cancer. Pyrazolin 4-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(naphthalene-1-yl)-4,5- dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzensulfonamide and named PZN-3NFT-5POMe has been successfully synthesized in two stages reaction. The first stage is the formation…
Medang lendir (Litsea glutinosa) is a medicinal plant from the family Lauraceae. The leaves, roots and stems of this plant have been used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases. The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize secondary metabolite compounds from ethyl acetate extract of the plant stem bark and analyze its toxicity using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) …
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq is a plant from the Lorantaceae family that grows as a parasite on the guava plant, so it is called the water apple mistletoe. This research aims to isolate secondary metabolites and test toxicity in water mistletoe leaves (D. pentandra (L.) Miq) from ethyl acetate extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Secondary metabolite compounds were is…
Drynaria sparsisora commonly known as Langlayang fern, is a member of the Polypodiaceae family, typically found in swamps and dense forests. This fern species is characterized by short black fibers covering its rhizome, which has a hard texture. Its leaves display a light green underside and a dark green upper side. This study aimed to isolate secondary metabolites from chloroform extracts of D…
Platycerium bifurcatum is an epiphytic plant that naturally grows on branches and trunks of trees in tropical, subtropical, and rainforest environments. Previous studies have reported the antibacterial activity testing on methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of P. bifurcatum. Based on the literature, there hasn't been any antibacterial activity testing against n-hexane e…
Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) is an epiphytic plant belonging to the Polypodiaceae family, characterized by hanging and branching leaves that resemble deer antlers. Previous research has reported antifungal activity in the ethyl acetate extract of this plant. Based on the literature, no research has examined the antifungal activity of n-hexane extract from the fern P. bifurcatum. This research …
The durian rind (Durio zibethinus) constitutes the largest portion of the durian and was often discarded as waste. On the other hand, it contains active components such as protein and cellulose, which can act as coagulating agents. This research aims to prepare biocoagulants, identify its properties, and detect its coagulation ability in synthetic water and peat water. The biocoagulants from du…
Monstera deliciosa Liebm is a species of flowering plant native to the tropical rainforests of Southern Mexico, Southern Colombia. This plant is rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids, antimicrobial compounds and antioxidant compounds, and can also be used as a drug for several types of cancer. This research aims to isolate and test the toxicity of al…
The purpose of this work is to ascertain how incubating a live culture and semipure laccase enzyme generated by a local isolate of Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 from Riau, Indonesia, affects the biotransformation of the bromocresol purple (BCP) dye. Using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, absorbance of BCP was determined at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours at pH 5.2; 5.7, and 6.4 while the cultures were be…
This study aims to determine the improvement of the ICARE learning model in improving the cognitive learning outcomes of students in class XI MIPA at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru on the material of colloidal systems. Experimental research was conducted using pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design, involving two classes as samples. The experimental class was treated with the ICARE learning mode…
Online learning that has not been implemented properly can affect learning outcomes and the absence of learning motivation from students during online learning can also affect learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of online learning and learning motivation on student learning outcomes in chemistry class X SMA /MA equivalent. The type of research conducted in this study is e…