This study aims to fabricate Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) based on ZnO nanorods by enhancing their efficiency through titanium (Ti) doping in the active ZnO material. It also investigates the effect of varying the growth time of ZnO nanorods on DSSC efficiency. Ti-doped ZnO nanorods were successfully synthesized using a seed-mediated hydrothermal method with variations in growth time. The …