CD Tesis

Strategi Pemanfaatan Kayu Jenis Cepat Tumbuh (Fast Growing Species) Untuk Pemenuhan Bahan Baku Komponen Kapal Bagi Nelayan Kecil Yang Berkelanjutan (Wilayah Kajian : Kecamatan Kubu, Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Provinsi Riau)

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Ships are a mode of transportation as the lifeblood of economic life for fishing communities in coastal areas. Over the past two decades, there has been deindustrialization of traditional shipyards that use wood materials throughout Indonesia. This was partly due to a shortage of raw materials for making wooden boats. The basic problem that is being and will continue to be faced to solve one of the maritime problems in the Coastal region of Riau Province is the supporting material for fishing boat structures based on specific types of wood such as Laban wood (Vitex pinnata L.), Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis), Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri). ), and Meranti batu (Shorea platyclados) in very limited quantities, not easy to obtain in the market (rare) so the impact on the price of specific wood is very expensive.
The supply of high-quality wood sourced from natural forests has become increasingly limited, which has implications for the unsustainability of shipbuilding businesses to fulfill small fishermen's transportation modes. Traditionally, the community still relies on forest wood species, which are increasingly difficult to obtain and increasingly expensive prices, which have disrupted the activities of the wooden ship industry. Technically, the use of fast-growing local wood species and composite wood technology to increase the strength and function of wood surface protection can be applied to ship components, but this requires scientific proof of various aspects so that in the future it can be widely implemented in the field. . Strategies are carried out on various approaches, namely on ecological, social, economic, and technological aspects to provide solutions to the availability of sustainable ship component raw materials, especially for small fishing communities, who have a weak economic level. This study aims to determine the strategy for using fast-growing wood species as raw materials for wooden boat components for small fishermen that is sustainable in terms of ecological, economic, social, and technological aspects.
The research was conducted with a quantitative approach, consisting of laboratory-scale experimental methods, field-scale testing, and survey methods. Laboratory tests carried out were testing the physical properties and mechanical properties of six types of fast-growing wood to determine the increase in strength by coating treatment on the surface of the test object. Field tests in the form of immersing test samples of fast-growing wood species (protected or coated with resin) in seawater were carried out to determine the level of resistance of the
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materials to attack by marine biota. The survey method was conducted to determine the financial aspects of using fast-growing wood as a ship's component material and to compare its price to existing fishing boats. Determination of the sustainability strategy for the use of fast-growing wood in terms of various aspects (ecological, economic, social, and technological) is carried out using SWOT analysis and followed by AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis.
Based on the test results on the density of fast-growing wood species, it was found that the effect of resin coating could increase the density value of fast-growing wood. The amount of this increase is highly dependent on the amount of resin that is absorbed into the wood, based on the results of the density test, it can be stated that Acacia and Eucalyptus wood without or coated with resin has a density equivalent to the density of Meranti Batu wood, making it suitable for ship hull materials. The results of the resin-coated wood density test showed an increase for all types of wood, an increase in the strength class of wood was obtained that Mahang wood could increase its strength class from strong class IV to strong class III, while Geronggang wood increased in strength class from class III to equivalent to strong class II. Based on the research data, it can be stated that the types of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus wood have a suitability level that is closest to many criteria compared to the quality of Meranti Batu wood.
Financially, a wooden shipyard business using fast-growing wood species is feasible. The investment calculation for a 0.5 GT vessel is analyzed with the assumption that the production of ships per year is 4 units, all ship components are made of fast-growing wood, the price of wood is Rp. 2,100,000 per cubic meter, the estimated interest rate is 12%. obtained NPV of Rp. 2,425.441, the value is > zero, based on the BCR value obtained, which is 1.1 or > 1, while the IRR is 14.33%. Thus, it can be stated that financially the business of wooden boats for ships weighing 0.5 GT made of fast-growing wood is feasible. The investment calculation for a 1 GT vessel is analyzed with the assumption that the production of ships per year is 3 units, all ship components are made of fast-growing wood, the price of wood is Rp. 2,100,000 per meter, the level of the discount rate is 12%, then the NPV obtained is Rp. 12,642,360, the value is > zero, based on the BCR value obtained, which is 1.29 or > 1, while the IRR is 18.63%, which means it is greater than the interest rate. Thus, it can be stated that financially the business of wooden boats for ships weighing 1 GT made of fast-growing wood is feasible. Financial analysis of the 3 GT vessels obtained NPV of Rp. 43,852,677 the value is > zero, based on the obtained BCR value of 1.73 or > 1, so it can be stated that financially the business of wooden boats for 3 GT ships made of fast-growing wood is feasible. The value of the internal rate of return (IRR) was obtained at 27.95%. Thus, it can be stated that financially the business of wooden boats for ships weighing 3 GT made of fast-growing wood is very feasible.
The strategy for using fast-growing wood to be used as a component of sustainable small fishing boats based on a SWOT analysis approach obtained five strategies that need to be followed up, namely:
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1. Fast-growing wood cultivation
The availability of wood raw materials on the market is a key factor that is very important to be handled at this time so that the existence of the shipbuilding business remains sustainable and provides job certainty for the industry and wooden ship craftsmen. The rise of illegal logging is predicted to always occur if there is no solution to access these raw materials, while the shipbuilding industry and fishermen need it. The wood supply pattern can be carried out with various possible efforts, including; Based on the availability of land, the cultivation of fast-growing species of wood can be carried out with several schemes: Community Plants, Community Forests, or Social Forestry.
2. Accessibility and legality of wood
Accessibility and legality of wood currently still need to be followed up by providing access to the community to be able to take advantage of fast-growing wood species, especially the Acacia mangium species whose potential is still widely found in various communities garden areas, residential land, and so on. The principle of timber legality needs to be prepared, especially for inter-regional timber business arrangements. Regulations for the administration of wood originating from existing private forest areas are stated in PERMENHUT No. 30 of 2012 concerning the administration of forest products originating from private forests. Thus, in the short term, the accessibility and legality of timber administration for the fulfillment of ship raw materials can be resolved.
3. Capital assistance
Fishermen need a mode of transportation that is suitable for operation. The mode of transportation of wooden boats owned by fishermen is very important for routine maintenance. Many fishing boats are currently damaged and lacking due to long service life, the efforts made by fishermen are to replace damaged components, the procurement of raw materials is an obstacle for fishermen because of the uncertainty of the availability of raw material supply on the market. If there is damage to the ship, it will have an impact on the disruption of the fishermen's business which has implications for the disruption of the fishermen's economy. The maintenance and repair of ships currently require handling so that the ship's construction can be extended. Some efforts that can be made are by strengthening the surface layer of the hull by coating it with epoxy resin with resin material so that the service life of wooden ships can be maintained longer.
4. Socialization
Efforts to disseminate information are urgently needed to the entire shipbuilding industry that fast-growing wood has the potential to be substituted for wood as an alternative to shipboard raw materials. That the use of the wood must use coating technology so that the durability of the wood can last a long time. In addition, it is necessary to empower workers in the shipbuilding industry in terms of technical mastery of various types of coating material components and their functions. Empowerment needs to be done systematically so that the transfer of technology provided can be applied in the field so that the efforts made can be developed and applied in the future.
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5. Technology development
Technology development is very important in terms of supporting the sustainability of wooden shipyard industrialization in the future. Based on various studies developed for alternative ship raw materials, it leads to research based on composite material technology. Composite material technology, especially based on fast-growing wood, can be developed as laminated composite material, coating composite, or hybrid technology using a combination of several materials such as wood, bamboo, and resin reinforcing materials. The development of fast-growing wood types will be able to develop well and be successful if it is supported by modern wood industry equipment, especially industries which are supported by kiln-drying facilities, and equipment to support composite wood technology.
The implementation of the five strategies will be able to provide solutions to efforts to sustainably provide raw materials for wooden ship components in the future. Cultivation of wood that can grow quickly will provide a positive value for environmental sustainability, the availability of raw materials will ensure the sustainability of the shipping industry, ensuring the availability of transportation modes for fishing business activities. Socially and economically, it will provide economic value to timber administration for the community so that it can improve family welfare. Technologically, it will provide an environmentally friendly material solution, namely technology based on the potential of local resources. Legally, it will provide legal certainty with the existence of legal timber administration regulations. Thus, the concept is a model for the application of five friendly: environmentally friendly; economy friendly; socially friendly; technology-friendly; and legal friendly.
Based on the AHP analysis, it can be stated that the dominant factor is the government (38.6%), then the corporation (26.9%), while the other three actors are each 15.9%; 10.5%, and 8.10% are fishing communities, shipbuilding industries, and universities.
Bibliography: 159 references (from 1960 to 2020)

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

10 01. 322 (0002)

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau – Pascasarjana – Disertasi Ilmu Lingkungan., 2022

Deskripsi Fisik

xviii, 157 hlm.: ill.: 29 cm

Bahasa

Indonesia

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Klasifikasi

10 01. 322 (0002)

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

ILMU LINGKUNGAN

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FATAH

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