CD Tesis

Up-Scaling Produksi Karbon Pelepah Sawit sebagai Elektroda Superkapasitor Berkinerja Elektrokimia Seragam dengan Analisa Tekno-Ekonomi

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Currently, supercapacitors have been recognized as an electrochemical energy storage device that has superior performance and is very suitable to be used as a green, renewable and sustainable energy source in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to make innovations to increase supercapacitor production both in terms of production methods, tools and materials that lead to time efficiency, cost savings, and are environmentally friendly. In this study, an increase in the scale of supercapacitor production was carried out through several aspects, namely: First, replacing the use of electric ovens with modified kilns as a medium for converting raw palm frond waste into carbon with a larger production scale, more time efficient and less wasteful of electricity. Second, the elimination of chemical activation method which is considered as a way to produce activated carbon with high surface area through the addition of uneconomical and environmentally unfriendly chemicals. Third, the application of water vapor as an oxidizing gas for non-carbon compounds that can enlarge the pores and increase the absorbency of activated carbon. In addition, several innovative methods that support the efficiency of activated carbon production for supercapacitors have also been reported, including: determination of carbon particle size, optimization of activation temperature and time. Based on these innovations, techno-economic calculations were carried out to see the commercial opportunities of supercapacitors.
The results showed the production of palm frond waste-based porous activated carbon with outstanding physical and chemical characteristics. Different temperature and time of water vapor physical activation confirmed one optimal condition to produce activated carbon with maximum surface area, morphological structure, and storage capacity. The application of temperature (850 ºC) and physical activation time (2.5 hours) on the PS-2.5-850 sample showed the highest specific surface area reaching 472.54 m2 g-1 with a sheet-like morphological appearance that is arranged and connected. In addition, in the PS-850-2.5 sample, non-carbon elements such as oxygen, phosphorus, and iron were found in optimal amounts which can improve the hydrophilic properties of supercapacitor cells. Furthermore, PS-2.5-850 showed outstanding electrochemical capabilities with maximum specific capacitance and parallel capacitance reaching 141.54 F g-1 and 9.24 F at 1 V potential with carbon purity reaching 66.61%. This finding shows the great influence of suitable activation temperature and time in producing palm frond-based activated carbon with uniform electrochemical performance. Techno-economic calculations of the production of palm frond waste-based supercapacitor cells showed a cost of production of Rp. 30,000/unit and a profit margin of 30% with a selling price of Rp. 40,500/unit. These results provide promising information in the development of biomass-based porous activated carbon for supercapacitor production in industrial-scale applications.
Keywords: scale-up, waste_of_palm_fronds, activated_carbon, supercapacitors, techno_economy

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

2110247893

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau – Pascasarjana – Tesis Fisika., 2023

Deskripsi Fisik

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Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

2110247893

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

FISIKA

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Jaka

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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