CD Tesis

Eksplorasi Potensi Material Karbon Aktif Berbasis Tempurung Buah Karet Untuk Performa Superkapasitor Dengan Pendopingan Heteroatom

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Biomass-based carbon materials are important in the development of sustainable technologies, due to their abundant availability, environmental friendliness, low cost, and high specific surface area. Carbon materials doped with heteroatoms can improve the performance of supercapacitor cells by changing the surface properties of carbon electrodes such as conductivity and apparent capacity. The doping pattern consists of external doping and self-doping. External doping agents include melamine, urea, and thiourea. Melamine is used as a doping agent to add nitrogen to the carbon matrix, which has a positive effect on the physical and electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor cell electrode.
This study was conducted to synthesize carbon materials from rubber fruit shells through optimizing the CO2 activation process and nitrogen (N) heteroatom doping to improve supercapacitor cell performance. Rubber fruit shell biomass is processed through pre-carbonization to produce carbon powder, chemical activation using 0.5 M KOH activating agent. The pyrolysis process was carried out by integrated carbonization and physical activation in a furnace; carbonization at 600℃ with a nitrogen flow rate of 3 L/min and physical activation at 700℃, 800℃, and 900℃ with a carbon dioxide gas flow rate of 10 L/min. Nitrogen heteroatom doping using 0.3 g melamine in a variety of pyrolysis times of 60, 90, and 120 min in N2 environment to improve the conductivity, pseudocapacitance, specific surface area, and specific capacitance of supercapacitor cells.
The results showed that the samples without doping treatment (TBK 7, TBK 8, and TBK 9) have an amorphous structure characterized by the presence of two broad peaks at scattering angles in the range of 20°-25° and 43°-44°, containing elements of C, O, K, and Ca. TBK 7, TBK 8, and TBK 9 have specific surface areas of 494.1 m2/g, 779.7 m2/g and 475.3 m2/g, respectively. The electrochemical properties of TBK 7, TBK 8, and TBK 9 showed specific capacitance of 99 F/g, 114 F/g, and 83 F/g, respectively. Based on the description above, it shows that CO2 activation at 800°C is the optimal temperature in this study, which is characterized by optimum conditions on the specific surface area and specific capacitance of the resulting electrode (TBK 8). As a comparison, the carbon electrode with heteroatom dopin gtreatment using melamine (TBK 8) aims to improve the performance of supercapacitor cell performance, has an amorphous structure characterized by two broad peaks at scattering angles in the range of 24°-25° and 43°-44°, containing C, N, and O elements. TBK8-60, TBK8-90, and TBK8-120 have specific surface areas of 935.3 m2/g, 308.9 m2/g, and 924.4 m2/g, respectively. The electrochemical properties of TBK8-60, TBK8-90, and TBK8-120 showed specific capacitance of 403 F/g, 419 F/g, and 357 F/g, respectively. The most optimal doping pyrolysis time of 90 minutes (TBK8-90) is characterized by the presence of nitrogen element which confirms that the carbon is successfully doped using melamine (C3H6N6) and has the most optimum specific capacitance. However, the surface area decreased due to the change of micropore structure into mesopore structure, some pores were covered by nitrogen elements, and the restructuring of carbon skeleton reduced the total number of pores due to the change of O element in activated carbon into the highest N element during the N-doped treatment process.


Keywords: Rubber fruit shell, CO2 activation, heteroatom doping, supercapacitor

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

2210247999

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau Pascasarjana Tesis Pendidikan Fisika., 2024

Deskripsi Fisik

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Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

2210247999

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

FISIKA

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Jaka

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