CD Tesis

Modifikasi Katalis CaO dari Cangkang Kerang Darah dengan Silika Gel dari Sabut Kelapa dan Uji Aktivitas Katalitiknya pada Sintesis Biodiesel dari Minyak Sawit Mentah

---

The global energy sector is still dominated by the use of non-renewable fossil fuels, encouraging various countries to switch to renewable energy sources such as biodiesel. Crude palm oil (CPO) as a biodiesel raw material contains high levels of Free Fatty Acids (FFA), which can reduce the quality of biodiesel if only using CaO catalysts. Therefore, an acid catalyst such as silica gel is needed that can increase the stability, reactivity, and effectiveness of CaO catalyst in the biodiesel production process. This study aims to synthesize and characterize heterogeneous CaO/silica gel catalyst derived from biomass waste, and test its activity in the conversion of CPO into biodiesel. The CaO/silica gel hybrid catalyst was synthesized using the wet impregnation method with variations in silica gel content of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Silica gel was obtained through a sol-gel process from coconut coir ash, while CaO was produced through calcination of blood clam shells at 900°C for 5 hours. The catalyst was then characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The acidity of the catalyst was analyzed using pyridine adsorption method with FTIR, while basicity was determined through acid-base titration method. The characterization results showed that the addition of silica gel had an impact on decreasing the crystal size, crystallinity level, increasing surface area, changing morphology, increasing acidity, and decreasing basicity of the catalyst. The resulting catalyst was tested in the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production from CPO, with optimization of reaction conditions using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized independent variables include reaction temperature, reaction time, oil mole ratio and catalyst amount. The optimum biodiesel yield of 99.52% was obtained with 5% CaO/silica gel catalyst at 65°C, 60 minutes reaction time, 1:9 oil mole ratio, and 2% catalyst. The highest methyl ester content, 99.21%, was produced using 10% CaO/silica gel catalyst, which was analyzed by GC-MS. Biodiesel characteristics from the use of 5%, 10%, and 15% CaO/silica gel catalysts such as water content, specific gravity, viscosity, and residual carbon have met the SNI 7182-2015 standard except acid number.

Key words: Calcium oxide, silica gel, crude palm oil, biodiesel, Response Surface Methodology (RSM),

---

Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

2210247900

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau Pascasarjana Tesis Pendidikan Kimia., 2024

Deskripsi Fisik

-

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

-

Klasifikasi

2210247900

Tipe Isi

-

Tipe Media

-

Tipe Pembawa

-

Edisi

-

Subjek

KIMIA

Info Detail Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Jaka

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

Komentar

---

Anda harus masuk sebelum memberikan komentar