International law regulates almost all state activities. There are laws regarding the use of sea, air, space and Antarctica. There are laws that regulate postal telecommunications services, the transportation of goods and passengers, as well as finance. International law also pays great attention to issues of nationality, extradition, the use of armed force, human rights, environmental protecti…
The Strait of Malacca is a shipping lane sandwiched between the Malaysian Peninsula and Sumatra Island in Indonesia. It is about 805 km or 500 miles long with a width of 65 km or 40 miles on the south side and the further north it gets, the wider it is around 250 km or 155 miles. 2003, the Strait of Malacca was navigable every day with transport goods totaling more than ten million barrels whic…
Indonesia as an archipelagic country has full rights to sovereignty (sovereignty) of its 12 mile territorial waters and sovereign rights (sovereignty rights) to the waters of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), additional zone and continental shelf. Indonesia is also one of the largest archipelagic states in Asia and the second largest in the world. The aim of this research is to find out how to…
Many countries overexploit without paying attention to the sustainability of the sea and the resources within it. In addition, measures to preserve and protect the marine environment are often ignored and not implemented optimally. Actions of this kind not only harm the country concerned, but also other countries located around the country concerned. The Montara Oil case which occurred in the T…
The Indonesian Government's steps in making decisions regarding policies both from an international perspective have given birth to national policies that play an active role both in terms of prevention and response, and of course have the aim of being able to run effectively, efficiently and optimally, so as to be able to create national goals and country as stated in the fundamental norms and…
Ukraine is nicknamed the breadbasket of Europe because of its abundant agricultural production in the European region. Apart from Ukraine, Russia is also another major supplier of wheat to the world market. Russia is also the largest producer and exporter of oil, natural gas and coal, dominating the global fertilizer trade and becoming the largest fertilizer exporter. On February 24, 2022, Russ…
Cases of human rights violations in the state's internal conflict occurred in Myanmar, where the Myanmar military took over the Myanmar government again. The coup, which began on February 1, 2021, was the beginning of the military's return to power in Myanmar. In the past, the coup was carried out on the grounds that the government in power at that time was unable to maintain the integrity of t…
The IMF is an international organization that is responsible for managing the global financial system and providing loans to its member countries to help with problems of balancing each country's financial balance. The objectives of the IMF are stated in the articles of agreement of the international monetary fund, in articles (i) to (vi), one of which is to provide financial assistance to memb…
Cross-border trade has existed for a long time and is growing rapidly. The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded in 1995, regulates international trade with principles inherited from GATT. Indonesia, as a member of the WTO, implements halal certification obligations for foreign products in accordance with Government Regulation no. 39 of 2021. However, this implementation can create trade barr…
Indonesia as a country that has an archipelago is very closely related to sea transportation modes. Ship are a mode of transportation that is often found in Indonesian water, both local and foreign ships often operate in the Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes. In Indonesia activitirs from the sea contribute 3% of emissions due to exhaust gases, this is because currently the majority of ships sti…
AMLAT was basically formed to deal with transnational crimes that occurred in ASEAN countries, and as the name suggests, transnational crimes, the perpetrators' operational area is the Southeast Asia region. Transnational criminal acts result in legal problems between one country and another country. So efforts to overcome and eradicate it are difficult to carry out without cooperation and harm…
The ethnic Rohingya are an ethnic Muslim minority group in Rakhine, which is among the most persecuted, vulnerable, and oppressed minorities in the world. In addition to losing their citizenship, the ethnic Rohingya also lost their home, where they have lived for decades. This is because the Myanmar government is committing human rights violations against ethnic Rohingya, ranging from lack of a…
Air transportation is a fast and economical means of transportation. In addition, air transportation can cover a wide range with a relatively short travel time and at a price that is still affordable for the public, as well as the security and comfort provided.To regulate air transportation the international community has created an international organization, namely the International Civil Avi…
The development of national space law has surpassed international space law. International space law may require further development as human endeavors in outer space continue to evolve, for example in relation to the future exploitation of the natural resources of the moon and other celestial bodies. There is an urgency to develop existing international law or create new regulations that can …
The incident of falling space debris in Indonesia has left many questions, especially regarding environmental and human security against the direct impact of falling space debris. Has there been any anticipation by the Indonesian government for incidents of falling space debris through the making of rules and policies, as well as what is Indonesia's position towards the applicable international…
ABSTRACT In explanation Convention On Nuclear Safety 1994(Convention on Nuclear Safety 1994) Article 16 Numbers 1, 2 and 3 that a State that has or will build a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in its territory must take appropriate steps regarding facilities, security, emergency plans to be carried out in the event of an emergency around the NPP. However, during the construction of the Fukushima PLTN…
ABSTRACT Immunities and privileges of change offices aim to support performance and to avoid intervention from parties. Being unable to be arrested and immune from the power of law, whether criminal, civil law, or administrative law, is a form of impunity for destruction. In this thesis the case of protecting the rights of protection that occurred in England involved the replacement of a Saudi…
ABSTRACT Cosmetics trade is included in the free trade (ASEAN Free Trade Area) through harmonization of technical requirements, recognition of cosmetic registration approvals by adopting the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive (ACD). Online cosmetic notification is a new system for registering cosmetic products to representative bodies in each ASEAN country, which can be done anywhere and anytime onl…
ABSTRACT Plastic pollution is a global problem and must be tackled in a sustainable manner. One form of effort to protect the marine environment is found in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) which can be seen in article 235 UNCLOS 1982, and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973, (MARPOL Convention 1973), In MARPOL 1973…
ABSTRACT Law enforcement is carried out to maintain, oversee and deliver the law so that it remains upright in line with the objectives of the law and is not violated by anyone. Accountability for actions that have caused victims by perpetrators of crime must be obtained. The International Criminal Court as an international criminal law enforcement agency plays an important role in trying …