This study aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes on the topic of chemical equilibrium through the application of the Osborn learning model. This research is an experimental study using a Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest design. The subjects were Grade XI students, consisting of a control class and an experimental class. Data collection was conducted using …
This study aims to produce a P5 module for making charcoal briquettes from leaf waste as an alternative fuel that is valid according to the aspects of content feasibility, language, presentation, and graphics. The type of research used is R&D (Research and Development) with a development model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The data collection instruments …
This research aims to produce a valid E-LKPD and find out the user response to the developed E-LKPD. This research is designed using development research with a 4-D development model consisting of four stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. However, this research was only carried out until the development stage. Research instruments in the form of validation sheets and user re…
The rapid development of information technology today has brought various changes to the world, especially in the world of education. Based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 57 of 2021 concerning national education standards, Article 40 paragraph 1 states that the learning process must be supported by the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to suppor…
ABSTRACTABSTRACT ABSTRACTABSTRACT ABSTRACTABSTRACT Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Copolymer is a thermoplastic polymer material made by grafting technique between polybutadiene, latex, acrylonititrile, and styrene. ABS Copolymer is widely used as a frame for kitchenware, electronics, automotive, and toys. Currently, the need for ABS Copolymer in Indonesia is still mostly imported from o…
ABSTRACT Melamine is a chemical that has the formula C3H6N6 with another name 2-4-6 triamino 1-3-5 triazine. The need for melamine in Indonesia in the last five years was 133,803,190,000 tons. The main raw material in melamine synthesis is urea, which can be obtained domestically thanks to Indonesia's significant urea production. Establishment of a melamine factory to reduce the need for impor…
ABSTRACT Cumene is considered a basic chemical product because it is used as a raw material in the production of various other important chemical products. For one, cumene is used to produce acetone, which is the base material for various products such as solvents. Cumene is sold to subsequent chemical industries to produce plastics, resins, solvents, paints or other chemical products and …
ABSTRACT Ammonia is a compound formed from the bonding of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms which is a gaseous compound at ambient temperature that has a sharp odor and is stored in liquid form. The main use of ammonia compounds is as a raw material in making chemical fertilizers such as UREA and NPK. Apart from that, ammonia is also commonly used as a cooling agent and in the pharmaceutical field i…
ABSTRACT Paraxylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound with molecular formula C8H10. Paraxylene is used as a raw material for several end products such as pure terephthalic acid (PTA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). Terephthalic acid (PTA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) can be processed as materials for the plastic and textile industries. In addition, paraxylene is used as a resin mate…
ABSTRACT Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH) is one of the compounds classified in the group of acetylene derivative compounds. Polyvinyl Alcohol is made from polyvinyl acetate and methanol raw materials. The factory is planned to be built in Dumai City, Riau, Indonesia. Dumai City was chosen to facilitate access to raw material fulfillment. The PVOH factory was built with a capacity of 50,000 tons/year.…
ABSTRACT Ammonia is a raw material in fertilizer production. Ammonia is produced by reacting synthesis gas containing H2 and N2 with a ratio of 3: 1. Synthesis gas contains inert gases that do not react such as Argon, in addition to H2 and N2. H2 gas comes from hydrocarbons found in natural gas and N2 gas from free air. Natural gas used as raw material for production before being processed int…
ABSTRACT Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) is an isomer of long-chain alkylbenzene. Its general chemical formula is represented as C6H5CxH2x+1, where x ranges from 10 to 16. LAB has been used as a key ingredient in detergents to produce environmentally friendly and biodegradable products. The demand for LAB is expected to grow due to increased public awareness of cleaning and hygiene products. The ris…
ABSTRACT Sulfuric acid is the most widely used chemical product that has earned the nickname the life blood of industry. Sulfuric acid is much needed by the chemical industries, including the fertilizer industry (used for the manufacture of super phosphate and ammonium sulfate), petroleum processing, pharmaceuticals, paper and pulp, plastics, batteries, explosives, paints and pigments, and oth…
ABSTRACT Paraxylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C8H10. It is used as a raw material for various end products such as purified terephthalic acid (PTA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). PTA and DMT can be further processed for use in the plastics and textile industries. Additionally, paraxylene is utilized in the production of resins, synthetic fibers, plasti…
ABSTRACT 1,3 Butadiene is widely used in the chemical industry, particularly in synthetic rubber, plastic and polymer, and resin production. The market size for 1,3 Butadiene has been steadily increasing, reaching a value of USD 12 billion by 2022. The market is expected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3–6% during the 2022–2029 period. Currently, Indonesia has only one 1…
ABSTRACT Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and renewable alternative fuel. In biodiesel production, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is often used as a raw material due to its high free fatty acid content. The biodiesel production process from PFAD involves two main stages: esterification and transesterification. Using PFAD as a raw material in biodiesel production not only reduces…
ABSTRACT Chloroacetic acid has the molecular formula ClCH2COOH is a compound in the form of a colourless or transparent crystalline solid with hygroscopic properties, which absorbs water from its environment. Chloroacetic acid is produced from the chemical reaction between acetic acid and clorine gas as the main ingredient with anhydrous acetate as a catalyst, this product is obtained through …
ABSTRACT In 2022, Indonesia recorded imports of ethylene and propylene amounting to 850,633 tons per year and 172,312 tons per year, respectively. To reduce dependence on imports, increase the country’s foreign exchange reserves, and create new job opportunities, the construction of this plant with a production capacity of 500,000 tons per year was designed. Ethylene itself is one of the bas…
ABSTRACT Maleic anhydride is an organic compound that has the molecular formula C4H2O3 with the IUPAC name 2,5-Furandione. The synthesis of maleic anhydride using Lummus technology is characterized by the use of n-butane and air as the main raw materials and the help of a Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide (VPO) catalyst, which is reacted in a fluidized bed reactor. Maleic anhydride is a basic chem…
ABSTRACT Salicylic acid has the chemical structure C7H6O3, is crystalline, white in color, has a sweet taste and is stable in free air. Salicylic acid and its derivatives are chemicals that are quite important in daily use. In the pharmaceutical field, salicylic acid is used as an analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent. In the field of cosmeti…