ABSTRACT Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) is an isomer of long-chain alkylbenzene. Its general chemical formula is represented as C6H5CxH2x+1, where x ranges from 10 to 16. LAB has been used as a key ingredient in detergents to produce environmentally friendly and biodegradable products. The demand for LAB is expected to grow due to increased public awareness of cleaning and hygiene products. The ris…
ABSTRACT Sulfuric acid is the most widely used chemical product that has earned the nickname the life blood of industry. Sulfuric acid is much needed by the chemical industries, including the fertilizer industry (used for the manufacture of super phosphate and ammonium sulfate), petroleum processing, pharmaceuticals, paper and pulp, plastics, batteries, explosives, paints and pigments, and oth…
ABSTRACT Paraxylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C8H10. It is used as a raw material for various end products such as purified terephthalic acid (PTA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). PTA and DMT can be further processed for use in the plastics and textile industries. Additionally, paraxylene is utilized in the production of resins, synthetic fibers, plasti…
ABSTRACT 1,3 Butadiene is widely used in the chemical industry, particularly in synthetic rubber, plastic and polymer, and resin production. The market size for 1,3 Butadiene has been steadily increasing, reaching a value of USD 12 billion by 2022. The market is expected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3–6% during the 2022–2029 period. Currently, Indonesia has only one 1…
ABSTRACT Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and renewable alternative fuel. In biodiesel production, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is often used as a raw material due to its high free fatty acid content. The biodiesel production process from PFAD involves two main stages: esterification and transesterification. Using PFAD as a raw material in biodiesel production not only reduces…
ABSTRACT Chloroacetic acid has the molecular formula ClCH2COOH is a compound in the form of a colourless or transparent crystalline solid with hygroscopic properties, which absorbs water from its environment. Chloroacetic acid is produced from the chemical reaction between acetic acid and clorine gas as the main ingredient with anhydrous acetate as a catalyst, this product is obtained through …
ABSTRACT In 2022, Indonesia recorded imports of ethylene and propylene amounting to 850,633 tons per year and 172,312 tons per year, respectively. To reduce dependence on imports, increase the country’s foreign exchange reserves, and create new job opportunities, the construction of this plant with a production capacity of 500,000 tons per year was designed. Ethylene itself is one of the bas…
ABSTRACT Maleic anhydride is an organic compound that has the molecular formula C4H2O3 with the IUPAC name 2,5-Furandione. The synthesis of maleic anhydride using Lummus technology is characterized by the use of n-butane and air as the main raw materials and the help of a Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide (VPO) catalyst, which is reacted in a fluidized bed reactor. Maleic anhydride is a basic chem…
ABSTRACT Salicylic acid has the chemical structure C7H6O3, is crystalline, white in color, has a sweet taste and is stable in free air. Salicylic acid and its derivatives are chemicals that are quite important in daily use. In the pharmaceutical field, salicylic acid is used as an analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent. In the field of cosmeti…
ABSTRACT Sulfuric acid is the most widely used chemical product that has earned the nickname the life blood of industry. Sulfuric acid is much needed by the chemical industries, including the fertilizer industry (used for the manufacture of super phosphate and ammonium sulfate), petroleum processing, pharmaceuticals, paper and pulp, plastics, batteries, explosives, paints and pigments, and oth…
Abstract Dimethyl formamide (DMF) is an organic compound widely used as a solvent in various industries such as acrylic fibers, plastics, pesticides, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. The demand for DMF in Indonesia is largely met through imports. To reduce import dependence and increase national revenue, it is necessary to establish a DMF plant in Indonesia. The planned DMF plant will be locate…
ABSTRACT Propionic acid is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H6O2. Propionic acid is an intermediate chemical product because it can be used directly or after being processed into salt. Propionic acid is widely used as a preservative in animal feed and grains. The need for propionic acid in Indonesia is still imported from abroad because propionic acid is not produced domestically.…
ABSTRCTABSTRCTABSTRCT ABSTRCTABSTRCT Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is a thermoplastic polymer used as a raw material in the adhesive industry. PVAc whether modified or not, in solution or emulsion form, as a homopolymer or copolymer, shows a diversity that makes this adhesive suitable as a binder for various materials, especially wood products and their derivatives. PVAc is obtained from the polyme…
ABSTRACT Melamine is a chemical that has the formula C3H6N6 with another name 2-4-6 triamino 1-3-5 triazine. The need for melamine in Indonesia in the last five years was 133,803,190,000 tons. The main raw material in melamine synthesis is urea, which can be obtained domestically thanks to Indonesia's significant urea production. Establishment of a melamine factory to reduce the need for impor…
ABSTRACT Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) is classed as an organic monomer or organic chemical compound in the ester group. MMA is an ester of methacrylic acid. In industry, MMA is known as the main raw material for the manufacture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a transparent plastic that is often used as an alternative to glass. MMA is widely used in the leather coating industry, cosmetics indus…
ABSTRACT Grass management in plantations is carried out to clear the area of the plantation from grass and simplify the process of harvesting the garden area. Making a push lawn mower with a cutting knife height positioner is through production processes such as machining including the lathe process, cutting process, drilling and rolling process. And the machine is planned to be made with seve…
ABSTRACT Propylene is a colorless, flammable, low-viscosity organic compound that is gaseous at room temperature. Propylene is widely used as a raw material in the production of polymers such as polypropylene, which is used in the manufacture of various plastic products. In addition, propylene is also used in the chemical industry as an intermediate in the manufacture of other compounds, such …
ABSTRACT Alpha olefins are straight-chain hydrocarbons with double bonds in the alpha position, namely 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene. Alpha olefins production is classified as a basic chemical product because it is used as a raw material for chemical production. Alpha olefins in Indonesia are used as commonomers for the production of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) and High Densi…
ABSTRACT C6H12. Hexene-1 is a clear colourless liquid with a petroleum-like odour, soluble in most organic solvents but insoluble in water. Hexene-1 also provides tear resistance and other desirable properties to polyethylene, thus its main use as a comonomer in the production of High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) and Linear Low Density PolyEthylene (LLDPE). It can also be used as a solvent, p…
ABSTRACT Acrylic Acid is a compound with the molecular formula C3H4O2 which is used in the polyacrylate, hydrocyanicrylate, coating formulations, Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs), and polymer industries. Acrylic Acid is made using the oxidation process on acrolein produced from the glycerol dehydration reaction. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work continuously for 2…