Biomass is a renewable energy source that can be converted into carbon for lithium-ion battery (LIB) energy storage devices. This study employs oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biomass as a carbon anode for LIBs. The nitrogen doping process was optimized using melamine externally with a TKKS : melamine ratio of 1:0, 1:1, and 1:2 were made to achieve a high capacity of LIB. The OPEFB biomass u…