The steam power plant system is a system of generating electrical energy from converting steam energy produced by water heated in the boiler to produce steam. Then the steam goes to the turbine so that it rotates the turbine rotor and rotor on the generator to produce electrical energy. The definition of turbine efficiency is the ability of the turbine to convert the heat energy contained in th…
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is equipment designed to protect the worker's body and reduce the severity of work accidents. Awareness with the use of PPE affects the level of work accidents, the lower the level of awareness with the use of PPE, the greater the impact of work accidents and knowledge is one of the factors that influence worker awareness. This study aims to determine the des…
Extractive substances are non-polymeric organic materials that can be separated by dissolving in neutral solvents such as ether, alcohol benzene, acetone, water or water vapor through the extraction process. However, in the extraction process there is still extractive substance content that is still insoluble by solvents, thus it is necessary to determine the level of extractive substance value…
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a chemical used as a bleaching agent in the pulp bleaching process. At the integrated ClO2 plant PT. RAPP, ClO2 solution with a concentration of 9.9-10 ± 0.2 g/L is obtained through the process of absorbing ClO2 gas using Chilled Water in the absorber. This research aims to determine the effect of temperature, chilled water flow, water dilution flow on the absorption…
Enhanced Chloride Removal Plant (ECRP) is a two-stage crystallization process. The first stage consists of a conventional Chloride Removal Plnat (CRP) system that operates close to atmospheric pressure. Sodium salt is crystallized in the first stage and returns to the recovery cycle. The second stage of crystallization operates at a lower temperature to take advantage of the reduced solubility …
The turbine start up process consists of three conditions, namely hot start, warm start, and cold start. Each start up condition has a different time. When the turbine is running normally again, calculations and monitoring of turbine efficiency will be carried out to control turbine performance. The idea described in this final project “Comparative Analysis of Start up and Efficiency of turbi…
A steam turbine is a piece of equipment that serves to convert the energy contained in steam (enthalpy) into mechanical energy in the form of a rotating moment on the turbine shaft. This type of back pressure turbine has heavy performance, because certain blades are extracted into MP steam and LP steam. This turbine needs 2 kg of steam to produce 1 MW. Turbine efficiency is the ability of the t…
An uncomfortable body position is one of the ergonomic risks that arise in workers. This can be found in the mechanic team activities. Ergonomics is a field of science that systematically utilizes information about human nature, abilities and limitations to design a safe, healthy, productive and comfortable work system. An uncomfortable body position can cause musculoskeletal complaints, which …
Chlor-alkali an industry that produced chemicals in the form of Caustic soda (NaOH). Caustic production at the chlor-alkali plant carried out by electrolysis process. During the electrolysis process there is the formation of a side reaction in the electrolyzer forming sodium chlorate (NaClO3) in the weak brine. Chlorate an undesirable substance because it can damage the resin in the ion exchang…
The process in Brine Treatment is used to remove impurities that are still contained in the brine solution, one of which is Magnesium (Mg) impurity ions. The brine that is free from impurities will then be used in the electrolysis process to produce caustic which is used in the pulp bleaching process. In the brine treatment process, the Mg impurity removal process is carried out in the floating…
In the Chemical Plant Department at PT Asia Pacific Rayon, especially the Sulfuric Acid Plant, there is one important piece of equipment, namely a mechanical counter flow type cooling tower. This type of cooling tower has an open circulation system that operates 24 hours/day with a cooling capacity of 0.1506 m3℃/hour. In this final project, range, approach and effectiveness values were measur…
Exploration of hydrogen peroxide utilization as an alternative to chromic acid for spinneret cleaning. The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of hydrogen peroxide as an alternative to chromic acid for spinneret cleaning. Spinneret cleaning begins with microscope inspection. The subsequent step involves immersing the spinneret in NaOH at room temperature (20-25 °C) for 10 …
Silica is a material that is available in nature and quantitatively abundant. Silica is present in the soil in the form of water soluble silica (H4SiO4). In the pulp & paper industry silica is an impurity that can interfere with productivity. Recently silica has become one of the scourges in the pulp industry with this research can solve the problems that occur. To overcome this problem, we mus…
Bleaching process is an important step to increase the brightness of pulp. In Bleaching process, there are various methode and one of them is peroxide extraction that using peroxide. This peroxide extraction can increase brightness with attacking the cromophore group in pulp and resulting high brightness. Way to do this process is by adding NaOH first and then continued with peroxide into the p…
The quality of fiber produced is certainly related to the impact of viscose solution and spinbath solution that creates filament through the regeneration process. Spinbath is a coagulation solution to compact the fibers from wet spinning. The topic described in this final project report is "The Effect of Spinbath Solution Parameters on Fiber Tenacity, Titer, and Elongation" with the objective t…
Cationic starch, also known as wet end starch, is one of the chemicals used in the papermaking process that plays a crucial role in the quality and runability of the paper machine process. Cationic starch is starch that has been modified to carry a positive charge, enabling it to bind to negatively charged fibers. Due to this property, cationic starch can help improve the strength of the paper …
Brightness and viscosity of dissolving pulp are crucial parameters in determining the quality of dissolving pulp product, representing the brightness and strength of cellulose fibers in the pulp. Brightness of dissolving pulp is maintained >70%ISO in the D0 bleaching stage and 80%ISO-83%ISO in the Peroxide Oxidation extraction (EOP) stage, with the viscosity of dissolving pulp expected to be 50…
Material is a very important thing to pay attention to because material can be a determining factor in the quality of a product. In the process of purchasing materials, there are many things that must be considered by the customer so that the material purchased can match the required specifications. This observation method is carried out using qualitative methods carried out by direct observati…
Electrolysis is an event where a solution is broken down into its ions, namely positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions), when a direct electric current is passed into the electrolyte solution through an electrode. In the electrolysis process, electrical energy (Power) is needed for the electrolysis process to take place. The electrical energy used must be optimal, not exceeding the sp…
Along with the development of technology, dissolving pulp has various types, such as dissolving pulp with 100% Acacia crassicarpa and 100% Eucalyptus wood composition. Dissolving pulp is a special type of pulp with high alfa cellulose content above 94%. Dissolving pulp with A.crassicarpa composition has different morphology and physical properties from Eucalyptus wood composed. To change dissol…