CD Tesis

Efektivitas Penggunaan Insektisida Organik Dalam Pengendalian Lalat Rumah (Musca Domestica) Dan Bau Sampah Pada TPS Rajawali Pekanbaru

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Environmental problems in Indonesia and in the world tend to increase and attract attention due to the negative impact on environmental health. Waste piles are one of the environmental problems for causing various problems, for instance air pollution because of gases that occur from rubbish waste and produce bad smell and also cause various diseases, especially transmitted by vectors such as rats, dogs, flies, or other insects (Hardiwiyoto, 2003).
House fly is one of the vector that need to be controlled hence the presence of a huge population for approximately 90% of house flies habitat around humans (Palacois et al., 2009). The diseases transmitted by house flies to humans are quite concerning such as cholera, typhoid fever or typhus, dysentery, eye and skin infections, enteritis and diarrhea (Sigit, 2006). According to WHO in 2013, there are about 4 billion cases of diarrheal disease every year in the world. WHO reported that the main cause of death in children under five was diarrhea (post neonatal) 14% (Amrullah, 2015). Outbreak of diarrhea also still happen frequently, with a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) that is concered as still high (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2011). In 2018, the incidence of diarrhea in Pekanbaru City was on the list of the 10 biggest diseases, with 812 cases. (Dinkes Pekanbaru, 2018).
Compounds that are often used by the community to control house flies populations are chemical insecticides (Wudianto, 2010). With out right procedure, using chemical insecticides can potentially harm the environment and human health directly and long-term condition, such as poisoned, respiratory disease, insect resistance and environmental pollution (Asmaliyah, 2010). The WHO estimates that around 1-5 million cases of accidental chemical insecticide poisoning occur annually in workers in the agricultural sector each year. Most of the poisoned cases occur in developing countries with death rates reaching 20,000 fatalities. Around 5000-10,000 incidences are having very dangerous effects such as cancer, disability, infertility and hepatitis every year (Fikri, 2012). Therefore, it is necessary to find other alternatives to control house flies, one of which is with organic insecticides with basic ingredients that are derived from nature (Asmaliyah, 2010).
According to Astuti and Widyastuti (2016), organic insecticides have several advantages compared to chemical insecticides. First, natural raw materials make insecticide to be easily biodegradable in nature so it does not pollute the environment. Second, from an economic aspect, the use of organic insecticides adds value to the products. In addition, creating organic insecticides can be done by yourself so that can be an economical value. Third, the use of organic insecticides will not cause resistance in insects.

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of organic insecticides by using betel leaf extract and EM4 in controlling house flies, to know the exact concentration of LC 50% and 90% organic insecticides on house flies and to know the effects of organic insecticides on environmental aspects (garbage smell) and economical value. This study used an experimental method, a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), analyzed with Variance analysis, Duncan's advanced analysis, Probit and Descriptive analysis. This study used four different treatments namely P0 (0% betel leaf extract + 4 ml EM4), P1 (10% betel leaf extract + 4 ml EM4), P2 (20% betel leaf extract + 4 ml EM4) and P3 (30 % betel leaf extract + 4 ml EM4). Each treatment was carried out with three replications.
The impact of organic insecticides on environmental aspects (garbage smell) was known by using organoleptic sensors, was the sense of smell sensor by more than 50% of eight semi-trained panelists. The scale of hedonism on the impression of smell was 4 very pleasant, 3 delicious, 2 pleasant, 1 moderate, 0 without odor, -1 is rather unpleasant, -2 quite unpleasant, -3 was not pleasant, -4 stinging (Yuwono and Schulze, 2004). For the impact of organic insecticides on economic aspects was known by comparing the costs incurred for the use of organic and inorganic insecticides.
This research has been conducted at the Riau College of Pharmacy (STIFAR) to gain organic betel leaf extract insecticide and EM4. The research was also conducted in the Rajawali TPS area, Kampung Melayu Village, Sukajadi District, Pekanbaru City to obtain an effective concentration of organic insecticides on house flies and to determine the level of odor of organic waste. Rajawali TPS was chosen because it was a TPS with a very high volume and was not balanced with land area that potentially causing odor and becomes a breeding place for house fly vector.
The results of the Variance analysis showed that the value of P < 0,01. the result showed that the hypothesis (H0) was rejected and (Ha) was accepted. This results showed that organic insecticide used in this study had a significant effect on the death of house flies. To find out which treatment was different, then continued to Duncan's test. Duncan's test results showed there were differences in the average number of house fly deaths in each treatment ie the treatment results were significantly different.
Duncan further test results showed that the P3 treatment produced the largest number of house fly deaths, 19 flies and was far more effective compared to the treatment without P0 betel leaf extract ie 1 tail or significantly different. The same thing was also seen in the treatment of P1 and P2 which had the number of fly deaths of 10 and 15 flies, it means a significantly different from the treatment of P3. As for the treatments P1 and P2 also differed significantly because the number of dead house flies was higher compared to P0.
Based on probit analysis, it was known that the right concentration of 50% LC organic insecticide on house flies was 13.09% and the betel leaf extract concentration 26.26% was the right concentration to kill 90% of house flies. Descriptive analysis results showed that organic insecticides can provide a positive impact on the environment by reducing the level of odor inorganic waste and have a lower economic value compared to chemical insecticides.

Based on the results of research conducted, it can be concluded that the provision of organic insecticide betel leaf extract and EM4 has a major influence to control the house flies and able to reduce the level of garbage smell at TPS Rajawali Pekanbaru City. The most effective treatment of house fly mortality was a concentration of 30% with an average death rate of 19 house flies or 93.3% of the average percentage of death of house fly samples. The exact concentration of organic insecticide to kill 50% of house fly M. domestica (LC50) was 13.09% and the correct concentration of organic insecticide for LC 90 value was 26.26%. Organic insecticide betel leaf extract and EM4 were able to have a positive impact on the environment by reducing the level of odor in household waste and have a lower economic value compared to commercial inorganic insecticides on the market.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Organic Insecticide, Betel Leaf Extract, EM4, House Flies and Garbage Smell.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

10 01. 219 (0041)

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau – Pascasarjana – Tesis Ilmu Lingkungan., 2019

Deskripsi Fisik

xv, 103 hlm.; ill.; 29 cm

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

10 01. 219 (0041)

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

PASCASARJANA (MAGISTER) ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

FATAH

Versi lain/terkait

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