ABSTRACT Phenol is one of the chemicals needed in various industries. In the chemical industry, phenol is used as a raw material for making phenolic resins, raw material for making bisphenol-A, nylon, peptides and medicines. The process for making phenol is carried out using the versalis process/lummus technology by reacting cumene and oxygen. The purpose of the bubble column reactor (R-103) i…
ABSTRACT Indonesia has abundant mineral content, especially bauxite. Bauxite contains alumina (Al2O3) which can be processed into aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) through the Dorr process. Aluminum sulfate is an indispensable chemical in many industries such as the paper, batik, textile, leather, cosmetic, and fire extinguishing industries. The raw materials used in the manufacture of aluminum sul…
ABSTRACT Epichlorohydrin with the chemical formula C3H5ClO is an organochlorine and epoxide compound derived from allyl chloride. Epichlorohydrin is commonly used for various industries as a raw material manufacture of epoxy, peroxy, polyamide resins, polyether rubber, surfactants, elastomers, lubricants and paints. This epichlorohydrin plant will operate for 330 days per year with continuous …
Dimethyl Ether (DME) is the simplest ether compound in the form of a colorless gas. Dimethyl ether has similar properties to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) so it can be used as a new energy source. The main raw materials for the manufacture of dimethyl ether are methanol and catalyst support material Alumina (Al2O3). The process used in the dimethyl ether plant is an indirect synthesis pro…
ABSTRACT Butanol is one of the chemicals with the chemical formula C4H10O which is needed for industrial needs as a solvent or organic synthesis. Butanol is an intermediate material used as raw material for downstream industries in the textile, polymer, plastic, paint, surface coating and pharmaceutical industries. In the chemical industry, Butanol is used as a solvent, in the manufacture of v…
ABSTRACT Aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] is one of the chemicals that indispensable in various industries. Aluminum sulfate is produced by the Dorr process which reacts materials that contains Al2O3 and 77% sulfuric acid with barium sulfate (BaS) as catalyst in a CSTR reactor at 110°C and 1 atm pressure with 78-100% conversions. From the reactor then fed to the evaporator, crystallizer, centrifu…
ABSTRACT Isobutyl palmitate (C20H40O2) known as hexadecanoic acid 2-methyl propyl ester is an organic compound which is a colorless liquid at room temperature, soluble in alcohol and ether, but insoluble in water. Isobutyl palmitate has the main function as a solvent and plasticizer. Currently, Indonesia is still importing isobutyl palmitate, due to the absence of isobutyl palmitate plant in I…
ABSTRACT Butanol is a chemical that can be used in the chemical industry. Butanol (C4H10O) is used as a solvent or organic synthesis in industries such as textiles, plastics, polymers, paints and pharmaceuticals. The main raw materials used for the manufacture of Butanol are Butyl Butyrate and Hydrogen with the Hydrogenation process. The Butanol factory is planned to be built with a capacity o…
ABSTRACT The development of the textile industry is quite rapid in Indonesia, the rapid development of this industry will also be accompanied by increasing pollution. One of the dyestuffs that are often used in the textile industry is Rhodamine-B dyestuff, Rhodamine-B compounds have water-soluble properties However, this compound is dangerous if it is directly exposed to the skin, eyes or dige…
Abstract Biogas is a renewable energy source, which can be produced from organic waste, such a palm oil mill effluent (POME), through an anaerobic fermentation process. The main components of biogas are Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition there are other gases in relatively small amounts, namely nitrogen (N2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) hydrogen (H2) and water vapor (H2O). To avoid …
ABSTRACT Industry is a sector that have an important role in the Indonesian economy. One of them is Textile and Textile Products (TPT) industry which has increased from year to year. This raises concerns about the amount of waste produced, like RB which is a complex organic waste and is difficult to be degraded by the environment. Semiconductor photo-fenton is an effective waste treatment meth…
ABSTRACT Productivity is the comparison between the results achieved (output) with all the resources used (input). In general, machine productivity per hour depends on production per cycle, number of cycles, cycle time and work efficiency. In collecting data on productivity, only secondary data is used, namely speed, cycle time, distance, times schedule and heavy equipment data used. On produc…
ABSTRACT The characteristics of rubber foam are influenced by various parameters, including tensile strenght and density. The purpose of this study was to make and determine the characteristics of foam rubber products based on natural rubber latex with coconut fiber filler. The manufacture of rubber foam is carried out in several stages, namely the process of making latex and mixing of additiv…
ABSTRACT The characteristics of rubber foam are influenced by various parameters, including tensile strenght and density. The purpose of this study was to make and determine the characteristics of foam rubber products based on natural rubber latex with coconut fiber filler. The manufacture of rubber foam is carried out in several stages, namely the process of making latex and mixing of additiv…
ABSTRACT One materials that has potential for bone implants and has a resemblance to the original bone is a 3D bone replica made from porous hydroxyapatitite (HAp). Stacrh Consolidation is one of the methods for making bone replica based on HAp. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the addition of wheat flour to the characteristics of porous HAp. This research…
ABSTRACT Bone replicas are bones made to be used as implant models. One technique for making bone replicas was starch consolidation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the addition of cornstarch on the characteristics of the bone replicas produced. This research was conducted by mixing 20 grams of HAp with the addition of 8 grams, 10 grams and 12 grams o…
ABSTRACT Bone replicas are bones made to be used as implant models. One technique for making bone replicas was starch consolidation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the addition of cornstarch on the characteristics of the bone replicas produced. This research was conducted by mixing 20 grams of HAp with the addition of 8 grams, 10 grams and 12 grams o…
ABSTRACT Lightweight brick is one of the materials used as a partition wall to replace traditional red brick. The use of lightweight bricks replaces red bricks because they have a lighter weight so the use of lightweight bricks as partition walls will reduce the building's own weight. However, due to its lighter weight, the lightweight brick becomes brittle, affecting its strength. For this re…
ABSTRACT Numerical modelling of helical pile test in peat soil is rarely to be found. The research aimed to analyze the effect of different variation of helical pile spacing, number and diameter using numerical method. Analysis was focused to bearing capacity and failure mode of helical pile in peat soil. Bearing capacity was interpreted with Terzaghi method and Tangent Intersection Method. Th…
ABSTRACT Peat beaches are beaches whose land can be easily abraded than beaches with other types of land. This is due to the light density of peat soil so that it can be easily carried away by the flow of sea water. One of the peat beaches in Indonesia whose coastline has changed significantly in recent decades is the peat beach on Bengkalis Island, Riau Province. Peat samples were taken fro…