The 21st-century education paradigm that has been integrated into the curriculum in Indonesia has characteristics including students being able to access information and learning resources from various sources, anytime and anywhere, including digitally via the internet. The learning process is also directed at developing collaboration and communication skills effectively by utilizing various me…
Science learning in the Independent Curriculum requires students to develop critical thinking skills, manage information objectively, and cultivate technological competencies. However, the reality in the field shows that learning is still dominated by conventional teacher-centered methods, resulting in students’ lack of active involvement in scientific exploration and inquiry. This condition …
This research is motivated by the demands of 21st-century education, which requires mastery of critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity skills (4Cs), as well as proficiency in information technology. The Merdeka Curriculum (Independent Curriculum) emerged as a solution to create adaptive, contextual, and meaningful learning—one of which is through the strengthening of e…