ABSTRACT Liquid smoke is a condensed liquid derived from heating biomass without oxygen. The objective of this research was to compare the characteristics of the obtained liquid smoke with the quality standard of liquid smoke according to SNI 8985-2021, study the effect of different concentrations of liquid smoke on the preservation time of the product, and apply liquid smoke as a preservative…
ABSTRACT Liquid smoke is a condensed liquid derived from heating biomass without oxygen. The objective of this research was to compare the characteristics of the obtained liquid smoke with the quality standard of liquid smoke according to SNI 8985-2021, study the effect of different concentrations of liquid smoke on the preservation time of the product, and apply liquid smoke as a preservative…
ABSTRACT Kraft Pulping uses active chemicals to separate cellulose and hemicellulose from lignin and extractive substances. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium Sulfide (Na2S) are the main ingredients in White Liquor which play a role in degrading lignin. The amount of ratio between liquor to raw materials must be known so that lignin can be completely dissolved in the cooking liquid. Kappa Numb…
ABSTRACT Oxygen Plant is a plant that produces oxygen and nitrogen using free air as its raw material. The oxygen gas that will be compressed by the oxygen compressor is obtained from the upper column coldbox with a temperature of 29℃ - 32℃ with a pressure of 0.29 barg then the temperature and pressure will increase, where the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature. The oxyge…
ABSTRACT Effluent Treatment Plant is one of the areas in PT. RAPP is responsible for processing liquid waste which will flow into the Kampar River and sludge which will be distributed to Power Boilers as fuel. The most common sludge treatment system and has been widely used is the Sludge handling Process. This process uses a Flocculation Tank to form flocs by adding polymer to the flocuation b…
ABSTRACT Brine filter is an important component in the brine solution purification process. Brine filters are used to filter the solid particles contained in the brine solution and hold them on the cloth and will accumulate to form cakes. The accumulation of these solid particles will increase the pressure drop in the brine filter and under certain circumstances must be washed. This research w…
ABSTRACT The washing stage is a stage carried out in the pulp manufacturing industry to separate the cooked pulp from the black liquor content originating from the cooking stage in the digester. In the washing stage, there is one step that can reduce the kappa number value still contained in the pulp up to 40-50%, namely the delignification oxygen stage. Oxygen delignification uses oxygen and …
ABSTRACT Chlorate cell is one of the equipment used in the production of sodium chlorate, especially in Chlorine Dioxide Plant 1, Chlorine Dioxide Plant 2, and Chlorine Dioxide Plant 5. This Equipment is used to electrolyze salt into sodium chlorate, where sodium chlorate is needed to produce chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in ClO2 Plant. Using Chlorate cells for a certain period of time can result in…
ABSTRACT Soda losses was the amount of sodium that still in pulp out from system. This sodium come from white liquor that used as cooking liquor in digester plant. Sodium was one of active substance in white liquor soak into pulp to dissolve the other component in wood except cellulose in cooking stage. Sodium and other component that dissolved in cooking liquor will be wash at washing stage. …
ABSTRACT The compressor is a mechanical machine that functions to compress gas fluid or increase air pressure. In industry, the use of compressors is very important, either as a single instrument producing high pressure air or as an integral part of a machine. In compressors, there is a surging phenomenon that must be avoided, surging is an instability phenomenon that occurs when the flow rate…
ABSTRACT Industrial textile wastewater contains high levels of dyes, which can disrupt aquatic ecosystems by inhibiting sunlight penetration for photosynthesis activities. Adsorption is a simple method for pollutant removal, where the selection of appropriate adsorbents can result in effective water treatment. Magnetic Chitosan Microspheres (MCM) have been developed as a natural adsorbent (bio…
ABSTRACT Bisphenol-A is an organic component with two phenol functional groups. Bisphenol-A is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and resins. This compound is a colorless crystal which in high purity is suitable for producing polycarbonate resins. There are several technologies for producing bisphenol-A that have been developed. Bisphenol-A can be produced by reacting the compounds all…
ABSTRACT Xylitol is a sugar alcohol often used as a sugar substitute, raw material for the chemical industry, and used in the health sector. This causes the need for xylitol as a raw material for the pharmaceutical industry, and supporting materials for the food industry to increase. The increasing need for xylitol in Indonesia causes the import rate to also increase. This final project aims t…
Indonesia has waste that has not been utilized optimally, especially molasses. Molasses contain sugar with levels (50-60%) which can be processed into lactic acid by a fermentation process. Lactic acid is a chemical that is needed in many industries such as the food, beverage, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The main raw materials used in the manufacture of lactic acid with the fermenta…
Abstrack Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N2H4 which is a colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Hydrazine is also referred to as Diamine or Diazane or Nitrogen hydride and is a strong base. Hydrazine has not been produced domestically, so it still requires imports from other countries to meet domestic needs. The process chosen in the manufacture of H…
ABSTRACT With the large consumption of terephthalic acid in Indonesia, it is necessary to develop a terephthalic acid industry to support the downstream industry which is made from terephthalic acid. The purpose of designing a Purified Terephthalate Acid (PTA) plant is to determine whether the plant is feasible or not to build. The PTA plant uses the BP (Amoco) process with paraxylene as raw…
ABSTRACT Aromatherapy candles are an alternative application of inhalation, namely the inhalation of aroma vapors produced from a few drops of oil derived from plant extracts. The aroma used is citronella oil extract solution obtained from soxhletation extraction of citronella with ethanol solvent. This study aims to make aromatherapy candles with citronella oil extract and to perform characte…
ABSTRACT The rapid development of the industry has led to an increasing amount of waste generated, including in the electroplating industry. The electroplating process produces liquid waste, which causes environmental pollution. The generated liquid waste contains heavy metals, such as copper (Cu). The maximum allowable concentration of copper ions (Cu2+) in the environment, based on Regulatio…
ABSTRACT The rapid development of the industry has led to an increasing amount of waste generated, including in the electroplating industry. The electroplating process produces liquid waste, which causes environmental pollution. The generated liquid waste contains heavy metals, such as copper (Cu). The maximum allowable concentration of copper ions (Cu2+) in the environment, based on Regulatio…
ABSTRACT Aromatherapy candles are an alternative application of inhalation, namely the inhalation of aroma vapors produced from a few drops of oil derived from plant extracts. The aroma used is citronella oil extract solution obtained from soxhletation extraction of citronella with ethanol solvent. This study aims to make aromatherapy candles with citronella oil extract and to perform characte…