CD Tesis

Analisis Strategi Pengendalian Degradasi Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove Di Kawasan Kota Dumai Provinsi Riau

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Dumai City as an autonomous region has a strategic location with
potential natural resources. With such conditions in Dumai City, economic
activities such as industrial areas, aquaculture, fisheries, transportation, tourism
and other activities have developed. Problems that commonly occur in Dumai
City are land conversion is getting wider, expansion of industrial land, and house
construction is increasing. This is thought to cause excessive use of the mangrove
ecosystem, it will be seen from the condition of the mangrove ecosystem and the
gradual degradation of the mangrove ecosystem so that there is damage to the
mangrove ecosystem, finally the function and existence of the mangrove
ecosystem which is one of the important assets in the coastal area is lost from the
area.
This study aims to analyze the rate of deforestation, community structure,
level of mangrove degradation, to analyze the factors that cause mangrove forest
degradation, to determine the economic value of mangrove ecosystems, to
determine the level of community knowledge and community participation in
mangrove forest management activities and to develop strategies for controlling
mangrove degradation in Dumai City, Riau Province. This research is located in
Dumai City, Riau Province, when the research was in March 2019. It was carried
out at 4 research stations: Station I (Bangsal Aceh), Station II (Muara Sungai
Masjid Area), Station III (Muara Sungai Dumai), and Station IV (Tanjung Palas).
The method used in this research is survey method, and to determine the sampling
point is done by purposive sampling. Degradation of mangrove ecosystems by
measuring changes in land cover through analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper
(TM) imagery and landsat Enhanched Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM +). Landsat
satellite imagery, namely 2005, 2010, and 2015 obtained from downloads on the
United States Geological Survey (USGS).
Based on the identification of mangrove species carried out in 4 research
stations, 9 types of mangroves were found. namely: Avicennia alba, Bruguiera
gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia ovate,
Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia ovata, Nypha fruticans, and Xylocarpus granatum.
The species most often found at each station point is Rhizophora apiculata. At
station I (Bangsal Aceh), 4 types of mangroves were obtained, namely Rhizophora
apiculata, Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, and Avicennia alba,
Sonneratia alba has a high density value compared to 4 types, namely 322.22 Ind
/ Ha with an important value of 101.32%, Avicennia alba, with a density value of
222.22 Ind / Ha with an important value of 38.56%. Meanwhile, the lowest
density was from the Rhizophora mucronata type with a density value of 177.78
Ind / Ha with an important value of 73.96%. At station II (Muara Sungai Masjid),
there were 5 types, namely Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza,
Xylocarpus granatum, Sonneratia alba, and Avicennia alba. Rhizophora
xxi
apiculata has a high density, namely 1144.44 ind / Ha with an important value of
119.77%, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza with a density value of 500.00 Ind / Ha which
has a percentage importance value of 72.11%, while the lowest density is from the
Avicennia alba species with density value 66.67 Ind / Ha with an important value
of 7.45%. At station III (Muara Sungai Dumai), there were 5 types, namely
Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia ovate, Bruguiera
gymnorrhiza and Xylocarpus granatum which had a high density of 500.00 Ind /
Ha with an important value of 93.64%, Rhizophora mucronata with a density of
433 , 33Ind / Ha whose importance value is 89.90%. Meanwhile, the lowest
density was of the Bruguiera gymnorrhiza type with a density of 88.89 Ind / Ha
with an important value of 18.50%, with a total density of 1477.78 Ind / Ha. At
station IV (Tanjung Palas), 4 species were obtained, namely Avicennia alba,
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia ovate, and Rhizophora apiculata Avicennia
alba which had a high density value of 311.11 ind / Ha with an important value of
108.44%, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza with a density of 288 , 89 / ha whose
importance is 90.24%.
The results of image analysis in 2005, 2010 and 2015 can be seen that the
distribution of mangroves in Dumai City is spread almost along the coastline of
Dumai City. In 2005 the mangrove area was obtained 241.00 ha, in 2010 there
was a reduction in the mangrove area by 166.85 ha. There was damage to
mangroves, in 2010 and 2015 there was a decrease in mangrove area by 166.85
in 2010 and 156.00 ha in 2015, changes in the area of mangroves that occurred at
each observation station were caused by changes in land use change into
residential and industrial areas. a lot happens at every observation station in
Dumai City. The highest reduction in mangrove forest area in the period 2005-
2010 occurred at Station II Muara Sungai Masjid amounting to 32.45 ha of the
entire mangrove forest area at four observation points, while the smallest
reduction in mangrove area in the period 2005-2010 was at Station III Muara
Sungai Dumai where the reduction of mangrove forest during that time was 2 ha.
In 2010 - 2015 there was a reduction and increase in the area of mangrove
forests. A very significant reduction occurred at Station I Bangsal Aceh, there was
an increase in the area of 33.00 ha in the period 2010 - 2015.
The results of the analysis of mangrove forest degradation obtained at
station I. (Bangsal Aceh) were obtained in 2010 a high level of mangrove forest
damage with a value of 17 Ha compared to 2005 and 2015 at station II (Muara
Sungai Masjid) obtained in 2005. damage to mangrove forests is high with a
value of 7.54 Ha compared to 2010 and 2015. Station III. Muara Sungai Dumai,
the lowest mangrove forest area damage occurred in 2005 with an area of 5 ha of
damaged mangrove forest, while the mangrove area in the 15 year period from
2005 to 2015 occurred in 2015 with an area of 18 ha of damaged mangrove.
Meanwhile, in 2010 the damaged mangrove area was 12.7 ha, at station III.
(Muara Sungai Dumai) was obtained in 2015 with a high level of damage to
mangrove forests with a value of 18 Ha compared to 2005 and 2010. While
station IV (Tanjung Palas) the peak of mangrove ecosystem damage occurred in
2010, the area of damaged mangrove forests was 24 , 7 Ha and the smallest
damage occurred in 2015
Based on the economic valuation analysis of mangrove forests. The total
economic value of the coastal mangrove forest in Dumai City is Rp.
xxii
104,604,106,000, -. Meanwhile, the level of public knowledge about the mangrove
forest ecosystem is high. Analysis of the level of participation of the people of
Dumai City in mangrove forest management is low. There are three main factors
causing mangrove degradation in the coastal area of Dumai City, namely
economic factors, education and skills as well as weak supervision from the
authorities. Strategies in controlling the degradation of mangrove ecosystems on
the coast of Dumai City were analyzed using the SWOT analysis approach
(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), two priority strategies were
produced to control the degradation of mangrove ecosystems, namely (1)
Regional Regulations which further regulate mangrove management and the
existence of strict regulations to preserve mangroves so that they have the
potential to become attractive ecotourism areas and (2) empower communities to
provide mangrove seedlings through the establishment of nurseries so that
rehabilitation is no longer hampered by the reason that seeds are not available
for planting.
Keywords: Deforestation, Mangrove Degradation, Economic Valuation,
Community Participation

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

10 01. 220 (0057)

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau – Pascasarjana – Tesis Ilmu Lingkungan., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

xx, 210 hlm,; ill.: 29 cm

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

10 01. 220 (0057)

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

-

Subjek

ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

FATAH

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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