CD Tesis

Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Pemindahan Ibukota Myanmar Tahun 2005

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Myanmar also called Burma, is located in the western part of mainland
Southeast Asia. Politically, Myanmar experienced five decades of military rule
which began after a brief democracy after the independence in 1948. Although
Myanmar was arguably a rich country when it achieved independence, but it is
now one of the poorest countries in the world. Poverty causes less than a third of
the population to have access to electricity. Political isolation, fears of foreign
intervention, and economic mismanagement have contributed to reduced access to
health care, low-quality education, and severely limited social mobility. The
United States is one of the foreign countries that has an unfavorable relationship
with Myanmar. Viewed from its history from 1948 to 2008, bilateral relations
between the United States and Myanmar have developed despite being faced with
several obstacles and problems.
For two decades the United States played an active role in setting policy
towards Myanmar. This United States policy will affect Myanmar because the
policies implemented by the United States will be followed by other Western
countries. The United States has several options or means of influencing the
Government of Myanmar's policies such as diplomatic means like politics and
security, economic means such as sanctions and cultural means such as the use of
media and influencing public opinion against Myanmar. During this period, one
of Myanmar's policies that attracted public attention was the policy of relocating
the capital of Myanmar to Naypyidaw, so that many parties questioned the reason
for Myanmar to move the capital. The transfer of the capital required a lot of
funds while Myanmar at that time received economic sanctions from other
countries, especially the United States and besides that, the Myanmar government
at that time was in chaos.
This research is a qualitative research. The author obtains data with
document analysis techniques and collects data from journals, books, official
reports, mass media and websites to analyze this research. The perspective used
in this research is the realism perspective and the theory used is the security
theory. The writer uses security theory to explain this research because security
refers to an atmosphere or condition free from danger, fear, anxiety. For realists,
the military is an important part of the security approach, in defending its
sovereignty. There are four approaches seen from the role and function of the
military, namely; Prestige Power, which means a country showing its military
superiority through the mastery of new technology with destructive power that
can thrill opponents; Deterrent Power (deterrent),which means convincing its
opponent of the consequences that will be faced if it takes an unwanted military
action; Defensive, which means protecting the country from enemy forces;
Coersive Diplomacy, which means to pressure a country to follow the wishes of a
country that presses or does not take certain actions. Based on this research,
Myanmar uses a defensive approach, by moving its capital city. Realists define
security in general as an effort to defend the territory of sovereignty as well as an
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effort to protect against the values contained therein. In practice, the state as a
heterogeneous unit always acts and acts to pursue the national interest above all
else. The state will cooperate more because it is based on its own interests. From
a realist perspective, the state will always pursue power, this is because power is
understood to have a correlation with the country's security. The effort to always
pursue or balance power becomes an unavoidable arena.
This research shows that the Myanmar government moved its capital from
Yangon to Naypyidaw in 2005. Some argue that it was the United States that
caused the relocation of the capital of Myanmar. However, the United States is
not a major factor. There are internal and external factors that led to the
relocation of the capital of Myanmar and they are generally related to security
both at domestic and abroad. This study explains the factors that led to the
relocation of the capital of Myanmar in 2005 when its government was unstable
due to domestic political transitions and also pressure from abroad due to various
Myanmar policies which at that time were considered to have violated human
rights. One of the foreign countries that put pressure on the Myanmar government
at that time was the United States.
Keywords: Capital Relocation, Human Rights, Myanmar, Realism, Security,
Security Theory, United States

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

10 06. 220 (0026)

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau – Pascasarjana – Tesis Ilmu Politik., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

xii, 98 hlm.: ill.: 29 cm

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

10 06. 220 (0026)

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

ILMU POLITIK

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

FATAH

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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