Preliminary Design of Propylene Oxide Plant Using Epoxidation Process With The Main Equipment Design of Propylene Oxide Distillation Column (T-401) Propylene oxide is a compound used as a reaction intermediate in the production of polyether polyol, propylene glycol, ether glycol and ethylene glycol. Supply for propylene oxide in Indonesia is by importing from Germany, Singapore, Japan a…
Citric acid is widely used in the food and beverage industry, household detergent industry, and the textile, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries. The need for citric acid in Indonesia has not been met by local producers, so they have to import from abroad. This is because there are still very few citric acid factories in the country. Seeing that the need for citric acid in Ind…
Acetic acid is a widely used raw material in the chemical industry, both in the production of cellulose acetate, ethyl acetate, acetic anhydride, and in the textile industry. The demand for acetic acid in Indonesia has not been met by local producers, thus necessitating imports from abroad. This is due to the limited number of acetic acid plants in the country. Seeing the increasing dem…
Methanol (methyl alcohol) is a chemical in the form of a clear, flammable liquid with the molecular formula CH3OH. Methanol acts as an intermediate compound that becomes the raw material for various industries. Coal gasification technology is used to convert coal into syngas which is then processed into methanol. The main raw materials used in methanol production are coal and oxygen. Th…
Indonesia is one of the developing countries that has been actively involved in development across various sectors, especially in the chemical industry. The benzoic acid industry in Indonesia is one with promising prospects. Benzoic acid is utilized as a preservative, flavor enhancer, additive, nucleating agent, intermediary, and stabilizer or catalyst. The pre-design objective of this …
Diphenylamine is a solid crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula (C6H5)2NH. Diphenylamine is a derivative of aniline, where the amine is capped by two phenyl groups. Diphenylamine is used as a dye fixative, an ingredient in medicines, as a product preservative in the agricultural industry, as an explosive, and as a fragrance in the cosmetics industry. The manufacture of d…
Formaldehyde (CH2O) is a finished and intermediate compound that can be used in various industrial and consumer applications. Formaldehyde has several anvantages in various industries, for example as a resin (usually used in the manifacture of particle board, plywood, furniture, and coating), as an intermediate material for the synthesis of other chemical compounds, and man more. Formaldeh…
Steam turbines have outputs in the form of electricity, steam (sootblower, MP and LP) and condensate. The MP and LP steam needs of the area every day are certainly different and the ability of the Turbine to produce MP and LP every day is different depending on the power or load requirements needed by the area. To meet the unmet needs of MP and LP steam, the Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV…
Brine treatment system is the purification process of salt solutions from impurities or dirt contained in the salt solution. It is used to keep the cell electrolyzer where the electrolysis process occurs. The research was carried out to determine the influence of flow brine in saturator or salt solution and flow barium chloride (BaCl2) on the levels of sodium sulfate. (Na2SO4). The raw …
The bleaching process is a process to chemically remove materials or dyes from the pulp to increase the degree of brightness. This research aims to determine the brightness performance against chlorine dioxide (ClO2), production rate, temperature at the initial dioxide (DO) stage, brightness performance against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) peroxide oxidation extraction stage (EOP). The par…
Klorin dioksida (CIO2) is a chemical used as a bleaching agent in the pulp bleaching process. At PT RAPP's Integrated CIO2 Plant, CIO2 solution with a concentration of 10 ± 0.2 g/L is obtained through the CIO2 gas absorption process, with chilled water as the absorbent in the absorber. The concentration of the desired solution is determined by how efficiently the absorption process occu…
Non-Integrated ClO2 is one of the ClO2 production methods used in the chemical plant department. This method utilizes raw materials purchased from external parties, thus the consumption of raw materials needs to be closely monitored. The metathesis filter is one of the equipment and processes used in Non-Integrated ClO2. The metathesis filter functions to reduce the amount of solid form…
Lead ion (Pb2+) is one of the heavy metals found in industrial waste from metallurgy, mining, battery plating, petroleum refining and others. The maximum recommended level of lead ions (Pb2+) in waste according to the Decree of the Minister of Environment Number 5 of 2014 is 0.1 mg/L. Bintaro fruit has the potential to be used as activated carbon because the lignin content in bintaro fr…
The development of industry has had a positive influence in the form of increasing the national economy, but has had a negative effect, namely heavy metal waste pollution. Pb2+ metal is a heavy metal that is considered a dangerous pollutant because of its resistant nature and high toxicity to humans and the environment. The maximum limit of lead ions Pb2+ permitted in environmental wate…
ABSTRACT Bath soap is one product that is quite important in human life. Bath soap products have depeloved into primary needs in all walks of life. Bath soap can used to treat diseases, such as treating skin diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. The addition of natural ingredients that are safe for health in liquid soap needs to be developed. This is intended to provide added value to the res…
ABSTRACT Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, low-viscosity organic compound that makes the liquid hygroscopic. Ethylene glycol is used to add fiber to polyester, PET containers, antifreeze and coolant to engines in all weather conditions. In Indonesia, there are not many ethylene glycol factories or producers so that imports are made to meet the needs. Therefore, ethylene glycol processi…
ABSTRACT Acetaldehyde is an aldehyde compound with the chemical formula CH3CHO or known as Methyl-CHO (MeCHO) is an intermediate in the manufacture of other organic chemical compounds, for example: acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol and so on. This design aims to meet domestic acetaldehyde needs, reduce acetaldehyde imports, open new jobs, and encourage the establish…
ABSTRACT Terephthalic acid is an organic compound commonly used as a raw material in the production of polyester terephthalate, polyester filament yarns, and also in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is widely used in various products such as plastic containers for beverages and food, electronic devices, textiles, industrial fiber production, and multimedia equipment. Thi…
ABSTRACT Indonesia has exported ten shipments of acetophenone through three suppliers to various countries, including China, Japan, and Singapore. However, Indonesia still imports acetophenone from several countries due to insufficient domestic supply. This situation presents a significant opportunity to establish a local plant to meet domestic demand and compete with international producers f…
ABSTRACT Hydrogen (H2) is the first and lightest element in the periodic table and the most abundant in the universe. When used as fuel, hydrogen has the highest energy content, the lowest volume density, and the lowest buoyancy. Green hydrogen is considered more effective because it does not produce emissions (zero emission). Moreover, using renewable energy sources can support sustainable pr…