This study aims to produce module approach based Science, Emvironment, Technology And Society on the subject of on ionic equilibrium and pH of buffer solutions .The method in this research is research and development using the 4D development model, which has four stages, namely define, design, development, and disseminate. Product validation is carried out by validator using a validation sheet.…
Development of Student Activity Worksheets (LKPD) Based on Multiple Representation on the subject of reaction rates is the development of teaching materials that prioritizes three levels of chemical representation, namely macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic representations. This research aims to develop LKPD based on multiple representation learning models on the subject of reaction rates…
The objective of this research is to determine validity of the instrument four-tier multiple choice test based on aspects of language, concepts, and construction, determine characteristics of test instrument, find out students misconceptions, and determine responses of instrument four-tier multiple choice test. Type of research is R&D with an ADDIE development model. This research was carried o…
The role of technology in education is very important for helping to achieve learning goals, especially during a pandemic like now. This research aims to develop teaching materials in the form of an interactive electronic module or e-Module on the colligative properties of solutions using Sigil. The output of Sigil's products has an ePub format that is easily accessible both offline and online.…
ABSTRACT Cleaner efficiency is defined by the number of contaminants in the reject section divided by the number of contaminants in the feed section, meaning that the fewer contaminants present in the reject section, the better the efficiency value. Likewise, vice versa, the more contaminants left in the reject section, the efficiency value will decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to pay …
ABSTRACT Light exposure or lightfastness is the ability of paper, which includes chemicals used to see the effects of light exposure on paper. This lightfastness describes the resistance of paper dyes or pigments to fading and yellowing when exposed to light. The pulp and paper industry wants to see a big impact on light on paper. The use of chemicals is very important in the effect of lig…
ABSTRACT Optimization is an action taken to obtain or achieve the best result from a situation. In order to increase the oxygen production target at Oxygen Plant 1 at PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper, an optimization of oxygen production was carried out at this plant. To obtain optimal result, a good understanding and ability of were needed to overcome the existing obstacles. The factors inf…
ABSTRACT Broke is a product formed from paper breaks during the paper-making process, which can be reused in the paper-making process. But the reuse of breaks must be considered because it has the potential to disrupt the process due to the difference in composition with virginfiber, therefore it is necessary to consider the ratio of broke that enters the paper-making process. filler is a …
ABSTRACT Sizing starch is one of the additives in paper which serves to increase the smoothness and strength of the paper surface. Nowadays, PT RAPP uses wheat as a raw material for sizing starch due to a spike in tapioca prices so wheat is the alternative. The selection of wheat as an alternative to tapioca is based on its characteristics such as high starch content, high availability at …
ABSTRACT Pulp is the result of separating fibers from wood and non-wood raw materials through various manufacturing processes. Pulp consists of cellulose and hemicellulose fibers which are used as raw material for paper. The kraft pulp is produced by Fiberline 2 and Fiberline 3 with different cooking systems, chemical consumption and number of taap bleaching. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a …
ABSTRACT Waste Management is a department that manages all solid waste generated in the industrial and residential areas of the PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper complex. Waste Management also plays a role in wood waste management. The generated wood waste can be in the form of damaged wooden furniture, used packaging or packaging, broken and damaged wooden pallets, tree branches / trunks, an…
ABSTRACT Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride (ASA) has been widely used as internal sizing in papermaking. Internal sizing is an action to modify paper hidrophobicity. Before the application of ASA in papermaking, ASA need to be emulsified using emulsifier in site due to its high reactivity to water and produce deposit that disturb papermaking process. Parameter that determines the sucession in ASA…
ABSTRACT The production of caustic soda (NaOH) uses the electrolysis method in an electrolyzer using 300 gpl of sodium chloride (NaCl). In addition to producing caustic soda (NaOH), this process also produces chlorine gas which in the chemical plant department is used for the production of hydrochloric acid gas (HCl) and sodium hypochlorate (NaOCl). The side product is a weak brine with a …
ABSTRACT The pulp bleaching process at PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP) uses ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) technology which uses chlorine dioxide (ClO2) chemicals. The value of the degree of brightness (brightness) of the pulp obtained at the Dhot bleaching stage is influenced by several factors. These factors come from the condition of the pulp after the oxygen delignification stage …
ABSTRACT One of the most important processes in the pulping process is the ripening process of the chip chips. This process is the initial stage of pulping. The purpose of this cooking is to separate cellulose and hemicellulose from lignin and extractive substances. In the process of cooking chips into pulp in the superbatch digester unit, there are several things that need to be considere…
ABSTRACT Lightfastness is the level of the paper's ability to maintain the accuracy of color strength, brightness and whiteness from time to time because it can cause fading due to exposure to light. The purpose of this final project is to determine how the rate of change of lightness, brightness, and fluorescence values in paper samples tested for 90 days under the light exposure in the p…
ABSTRACT One of the uses of white liquor in the Chemical Plant department is to assist in the scrubbing process of the tail gas scrubber at the ERCO Plant. The scrubbing process that is carried out is to remove the remaining excess ClO2 gas. So far, the remaining ClO2 gas from the ERCO Plant that cannot be absorbed by the chilled water in the absorber will be scrubbed by a vent scrubber wi…
ABSTRACT Oxygen delignification is a continuation of the Kraft-type cooking process which aims to degrade some of the lignin residuals in unbleached pulp by using oxygen and alkaline (NaOH and white liquor oxidation). The efficient oxygen delignification process can reduce the consumption of bleaching chemicals, especially ClO2. One of the parameters that determine the efficiency of the ox…
ABSTRACT Paper making has the main quality control parameter, namely tensile strength and freeness. If a paper has a low tensile strength and freeness value, the resulting paper is of low quality or easily torn during the paper making process. While the manufacture of rayon does not require a high tensile strength value but high purity alpha cellulose and low hemicellulose content. This re…
ABSTRACT Dissolving pulp is pulp that is used as raw material for rayon with certain characteristics such as having high purity such as high cellulose content (>94%), and low content of hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives. According to Alaudin (1982), the manufacture of rayon pulp with the sulfate process alone cannot produce pure pulp as desired, because some hemicellulose becomes resi…