Abstract Laccase (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) is classified as blue copper oxidase enzyme. Laccase generally found in plant, insect, bacteria and filamentous fungus. One of filamentous fungus that able to degradates lignin is Trichoderma. Lignin is available in biomass such as rice straw, that contains around 18% lignin. The technique of producing laccase enzymes in thi…
Pyrazole is an important group of five circular heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms which are included in the alkaloid group of secondary metabolites. Apart from containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms, pyrazole compounds also have two endocyclic double bonds. These this compound has interesting biological activities such as, anticancer, antitumor, antiinflammatory and antioxidant. …
Azin is a compound produced from the condensation reaction of the carbonyl compound molecule with hydrazine, which has the structure R1R2C=NN=CR1R2. The two imine bonds that make up the structure of the azine make this compound the most important in the development of new medicines which is known to have diverse biological activities such…
Paku Ahaka (V. elongata) is an epiphytic plant which is included in the family of Pteridaceae which typically grows on palm trees and wetlands. It has been reported that some species from this genus have cytotoxic and antioxidant activities, but its secondary metabolites and biological activities have not been reported in V. elongata. The work therefore aimed to distinguish the secondary metabo…
Pyrazoline is a five-ring heterocyclic compound with two nitrogen atoms close in its rings and has more than one endocyclic double bond. The availability of pyrazoline in nature in small amounts, but has a good biological activity in treating various diseases including as an anticancer or antidiabetic. This study aims to synthesize and confirm the activityof pyrazoline compunds. Pyrazoline comp…
Composite is a material that is formed from two or more materials with different properties, so that materials with different properties and characteristics are produced. Composite consists of reinforcement and a matrix. In this study, hydroxyapatite was acted as a matrix and the reinforcement was derived from gelatin. The purpose of this study was to synthesize hydroxyapatite-gelatin composit…
The gonggong snail is widely consumed as a part of culinary tour that currently in demand by tourists. As a result, the waste of gonggong snail shells increases. Therefore, to reduce its waste, the gonggong snail is used as a heterogeneous catalyst in making biodiesel using used cooking oil as raw material. The gonggong snail shells were calcined at 900 °C for 10 hours. The catalyst was impreg…
Avocado seeds are one of the residual waste products that are starting to attract attention as low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal and dye reduction. one of the uses was to make avocado seeds as an adsorbent and combined with silver nanoparticles through one-pot synthesis to get a combination that will be used to absorb methylene blue dyes. In this study, avocado seeds were made in powder and t…
Biodiesel is an alternative energy that is environmentally friendly and has low exhaust emissions when used in diesel engines. Biodiesel synthesis is carried out using the main ingredient, namely palm oil (CPO), but the high content of free fatty acids (FFA) (> 5%) contained in CPO is one of the factors that affect the performance of the catalyst. To overcome this problem, in this study, biodie…
Mangrove have several compounds that can be used as antibacterial, one of them is Rhizophora apiculata. The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites and determine the antibacterial activity from R. apiculata leaves extract. This study used a maceration method with ethanol solvent which then was extracted using n-hexane. Separation of the extract was carried out by VLC. Fractio…
Biodiesel is renewable energy, biodegradable, and environmental friendly for diesel machine. In this study, biodiesel was produced from coconut palm oil. The choice of coconut palm oil raw material is because Indonesia is a coconut palm oil producing country in the world. Biodiesel was synthesized from palm oil through transesterification using catalysts K-CaO. The K-CaO catalyst was synthesize…
Riau Province with a very large area of peatland and produces peat water as potential raw water. However, peat water contains iron (Fe) which causes reddish brown color of peat water. In this research, Fe (III) cation uptake was carried out using activated carbon adsorbent based on ketapang seed shells. Activated carbon is made through carbonization and activation stages. The carbonization proc…
Dog conch shells contain carbonate compounds (CaCO3) which can be conversed to CaO through a calcination process at a temperature of 700-900 ºC. CaO is an active catalyst in the transesterification biodiesel reaction. One of the thing that can we do to increase the effectivenes of CaO catalyst in biodiesel production is by impregnated the alkaline metal in CaO. The alkaline metal insertion pro…
Biodiesel is alternative fuel derived from vegetable materials as a substitute for fossil fuels. The raw material for making biodiesel that is often used crude palm oil (CPO). The manufacture of biodiesel is usually used a transesterification reaction using a heterogeneous base catalyst such as CaO. The alkaline catalyst used in this study is CaO catalyst derived from shells of blood clams (Ana…
The biomarker is a chemical indicator of organic material sources that can be used as an indicator of the depositional enviroment, correlation of oil and the origin of oil sources. Bakau and Beruk Oil is one of the newly discovered oil fields located in the Selat Panjang Block, Riau. Petroleum samples from Bakau and Beruk were fractionated using the chromatography column into an aromat fraction…
Petroleum is a natural enrgy source that requires a long time to form. Petroleum derived from source rocks requires hundreds of millions of years to from petroleum, but the use of petroleum in indonesia is increasing every year, while the amount of oil production in indonesia is decreasing in number of production each year. Therefore it is necessary to explore in the search for new and producti…
Vittaria elongata Sw ferns is one of the fern plants known as ahaka fern area wich is widely distributed in kampar and pelalawan, Riau Province. Ahaka fern is often found in palm trees and wetlands and then less sun. This plant has been is reported to have a high toxicity value in its ethanol extract in previous research. This plant is used by Indians to treat pain in the knee. The purpose of t…
Pyridazinone is a heterocyclic dinitrogen compound with one carbonyl which is known to have diverse biological activities such as anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti inflammatory, anti microbial, and anti hypertension. The pyridazinone 6-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one synthesized with 4-chloro acetophenone, glyoxylic acid and hydrazine hydrate by sealed-vessel reactor method. The purity of the…
Ketapang tree (Terminalia catappa) that has a plant often found in the Riau University and ketapang tree is one of the plant in the Riau University concept of "Kampus dalam Taman". Ketapang seed shells are part of the ketapang fruit which has undergone a long degradation process due to its high lignin content. Therefore, the lignin content and other carbon sources in the Ketapang Seed Shell (CB…
Synthetic zeolite is an porous material that has physical and chemical properties similar to natural zeolite and more widely used on an industrial scale because it has a high level of crystal purity and uniform particle size. However, the use of zeolite has resulted in the increasing price of synthetic raw materials so that natural raw materials are used as an alternative in the manufacture of …