Indonesia is one of the largest paper producing and exporting countries in the world. Along with the increase in paper production causes an increase in solid waste originating from the reject pulp. The reject pulp has the potential to produce energy because it still contains high cellulose content of around 85.16% which is able to support the provision of usable and environmentally friendly…
ABSTRACT Corrosion cause a material has a limited lifespan, where the material that was estimated for long-term use turns out to had a shorter lifespan than its average lifespan. One of the prevention of corrosion was to used corrosion inhibitors that made using organic materials. Bay leaf (Syzgium Polyantha L) contains tanin that used to prevent or slow the occurrence of corrosion. This r…
ABSTRACT Monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) are a group of synthetic emulsifiers that can be obtained from the esterification of fatty acids with glycerol using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as catalysts. DES is a system consisting of a mixture of at least two components, namely hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors (HBD) which form a eutectic phase with a lower melt…
ABSTRACT Monoglycerides are the fatty acid monoesters of glycerol. Monoglycerides are fats consisting of free hydroxyl groups which are hydrophilic groups and fatty acid ester groups which are lipophilic. MG and DG can be obtained from the triglyceride glycerolysis process using enzymes or alkaline catalysts, selective hydrolysis, or fatty acid esterification with glycerol. In this study M…
ABSTRACT Corrosion is a decrease in metal quality due to electrochemical reactions with the environment. Metals that experience a decline in quality not only involve chemical reactions but also electrochemical reactions, namely between the materials concerned with the transfer of electrons. The greater the concentration of chloride ions, the faster the corrosion process that occurs in the …
ABSTRACT Corrosion is damage or deterioration in the quality of a metal caused by reactions to the environment. Corrosion is a natural process that will never stop or will continue to occur as long as the metal material is in contact with its environment. However, the corrosion process can be controlled, minimized, or slowed down by the addition of an inhibitor. Terminalia catappa. L leaf …
ABSTRACT An emulsifier or emulsifying agent is a material that can unite two compounds of different polarities. Mono diacylglyceride (MDAG) is a synthetic emulsifier that can be obtained from the esterification reaction of fatty acids with glycerol using NADES (Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent) catalyst. NADES is an environmentally friendly organic solvent made from a mixture of HBA (Hydrogen…
ABSTRACT Mono and diglycerides (MDAG) are a group of synthetic emulsifiers usually used for food emulsion. MDAG can be obtained by the esterification process of fatty acids and glycerol with Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as a catalyst. DES is a mixture of at least two components, there are Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (HBA) and Hydrogen Bond Donors (HBD) which form eutectic phases with melting p…
ABSTRACT The membrane is a selective and semipermeable thin layer between two phases, namely the feed phase and permeate phase. One of the ingredients for making membranes is cellulose acetate from pineapple leaf waste. The purpose of this research is to make cellulose acetate membrane using cellulose from pineapple leaf waste as the main raw material with composition variation and pressur…
ABSTRACT Corrosion is an event of metal damage caused by the reaction of metal with various substances in its environment which causes a decrease in the quality of a metal material. One way that can be used to reduce the rate of corrosion was added by an inhibitor. Terminalia Catappa l plants are tropical plants that were commonly found in Indonesia. High concentrations of tannins were fou…
ABSTRACT Monoglycerides, the glycerol monoesters of fatty acids, are molecules consisting of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail with surfactant and emulsifying properties that help hydrophilic-lipophilic substances mix all together. Therefore, they can be used in food, detergent, plasticizer, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) are a g…
ABSTRACT Palm frond is biomass that has not been widely used as a renewable energy source. Torrefaction is a pretreatment process to improve the quality of the biomass as solid fuel. The aims of this research was to made briquette from palm frond which appropriate with SNI, and then to determined the effects of particle size, pressure and filler composition on response toward calorific val…
ABSTRACT Ion metal of Pb2+ are one of the heavy metals can pollute water. Concentration of ions Pb2+ can be removed by adsorption method. The purposes of this research are to observe the effect of mass adsorbent and temperature in adsorption of metal ions Pb2+ using adsorbant hydroxyapatite (HAp) and determine a suitable adsorption kinetics model. Pb2+ solution 9,982 mg/L of 500mL where m…
ABSTRACT Indonesia is one of the countries that rely on textile industries as an export commodity. Textile industries have an important role in offering employment, decrease unemployment, increase income tax, and escalate foreign export exchanges. Either domestic or international demands of Indonesia’s textile have been growing year by year so that the increasing of Indonesia’s textile…
ABSTRACT BPS recorded the export value of national textile products reached US$ 13.22 billion in 2018 and increased to US$ 15.73 in 2019. The problem that later arises was the textile waste generated by those industries. One of the methods for treating textile dye waste is the photocatalytic. The catalyst used in this study is the Covalent Triazine Framework (CTF), while the radiation come…
ABSTRACT Nanocitosan research continues to be developed using easy and simple methods. The content of chitosan in shrimp shells is used as raw material for the synthesis of nanocitosan. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of chitosan and the ratio of chitosan solution to sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) on the size of the nanocitosan prod…
ABSTRACT Nanochitosan is widely developed as a drug delivery agent. Particles at the nanometer scale have unique physical properties compared to particles at larger sizes, especially in improving the delivery quality of drug compounds. The study aims to synthesis nanochitosan using the ionic gelation method and determined the effect of variations in the concentration of formic acid and con…
ABSTRACT Industrial waste of dried shrimp shells contains chitin which can be used as raw material for chitosan synthesis. Along with the development of technology, product with using chitosan continues to be developed by physically modifying chitosan into nanochitosan so that it has a wider utilization than chitosan. This study was aimed to synthesize nanocitosan using the ionic gelation …
ABSTRACT The decline in fossil fuel sources has prompted research into finding renewable fuels. Efforts are currently being made to find alternative energy sources that have high efficiency and environmental friendly are bio-oil from empty fruit bunches (EFB) and tire waste. Treatment of raw materials, variations in ratios, temperature, chemical and physical characteristics aims to produce…
ABSTRACT Adsorption is a dye absorption process using various adsorbents. Dye waste produced by industry can pollute the environment because it is dangerous and toxic. Hydroxyapatite is a compound composed of calcium, phosphate, oxygen and hydrogen. This study uses calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite with Ca / P of more / less than 1.67 as the adsorption medium. Utilization of the adsorption …