Background: Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a minimally invasive procedure for direct visualization of the tracheobronchial tree to diagnose and manage pulmonary and airway diseases. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) acts as a major pro-inflammatory mediator for the induction of acute phase responses, causing various local and systemic changes, including fever, leukocyte recruitment, cytokine activation and e…
Introduction: Hepatotoxicity associated with ATD is difficult to predict because most TB patients use a combination of drugs during therapy. Many factors influence the incidence of drug-induced hepatitis, one of which is the drug metabolism process. Drug metabolism in the liver is greatly influenced by the content and activity levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as N-Acetyltransferase 2 (N…
Background: Running is an exercise that can enhance respiratory muscle training. A good vital capacity is crucial for a runner, as it contributes to physical fitness and respiratory endurance. To assess the fitness level of runners, pulmonary function and maximum oxygen volume (VO2Max) can be evaluated. Methods: This study employs an observational analytical design with …
Background : Immunoglobulin E as a major role in the early reactions of asthma, while eosinophils as a more important role in the late reactions of asthma. Correctly assessing and treating asthma in the early stages especially on serum IgE levels and peripheral blood absolute eosinophil levels will be able to achieve asthma control and reduction of exacerbations based on certain cut-off values…
Background: Air pollution exposed to humans has become a worldwide problem and causes various pulmonary diseases. Gases and particles produced by palm oil mills include Nitrogen Oxide and Carbon Monoxide components. High levels of Nitrogen Oxide will increase mucus production in the airways and the inhalation effect of Nitric Oxide in the lungs can cause a decrease in lung …
Introduction: Thoracic cancers are the part of malignancy diseases that requires quick diagnostic procedures. Trans Thoracic Needle Aspiration and Core Needle Biopsy can be performed. Core Needle Biopsy has better accuracy diagnostic than Trans Thoracic Needle Aspiration but also has higher complication rate. Methods: This is a prospective analytic observational with a cross sectional study…
Introduction:Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The incidence of hepatotoxicity in TB patients due to anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) ranges from 5-28% of patients. Hepatotoxicity can affect the success of TB treatment until death, therefore OAT hepatotoxicity must be addressed as early as possible. Infecting tuberculosis causes inflammation and t…