ABSTRACT The contamination of lead (Pb) heavy metal in industrial waste is one of the serious environmental problems that threaten both the environment and human health. Industrial wastewater containing lead ions (Pb²⁺) can accumulate in the food chain, posing a danger to human health. One effective and environmentally friendly solution is the adsorption method using biomass as an adsorbent…
ABSTRACT The contamination of lead (Pb) heavy metal in industrial waste is one of the serious environmental problems that threaten both the environment and human health. Industrial wastewater containing lead ions (Pb²⁺) can accumulate in the food chain, posing a danger to human health. One effective and environmentally friendly solution is the adsorption method using biomass as an adsorbent…
ABSTRACT Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) is an organic chemical compound in the form of a clear liquid (molecular formula C₆H₅CₙH₂ₙ₊₁, n=C9-C14) which acts as the main raw material in the production of detergents and cleaning products. This compound has the advantages of high biodegradability and better cleaning effectiveness than other surfactants, as well as characteristics that are …
ABSTRACT The rapid development of industry has contributed greatly to economic growth, but has also had a negative impact on the environment, especially in the form of water pollution due to industrial wastewater. One of the common pollutants is methylene blue dye, which is widely used in the textile industry. This substance is toxic, difficult to degrade, and can cause disruption to aquatic e…
ABSTRACT Diphenyl Carbonate (DPC) is a carbonate ester compound with the chemical formula (C6H5O)2CO which plays a role in the manufacture of Polycarbonate (PC) resin. DPC is used in the synthesis of organic compounds, polymers, solvents, and plasticizers. DPC is an important and non-toxic raw material in the PC industry. The PC production process, which generally involves hazardous and toxic …
ABSTRACT The plant is planned to be located in Pauh Ranap Village, Peranap Subdistrict, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. Coal will serve as the raw material for DME production through a gasification process to produce syngas, which will then be synthesized into methanol. The methanol will then undergo dehydration to produce the final DME product. DME is targeted to be an additive or subs…
ABSTRACT The acrolein plant is designed with a production capacity of 30,000 tons/year. The raw materials used are propylene and oxygen, aided by the α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ catalyst through the propylene oxidation reaction. The propylene oxidation reaction produces acrolein (C₃H₄O) and by-products such as acrylic acid (C₃H₄O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water (H₂O). Indonesia's ave…
ABSTRACT Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) is synthesized with the raw materials of methanol, oxygen, and carbon monoxide to synthesize dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and then DMC is reacted with phenol to synthesize DPC. The plant is planned to be built in Dumai City, Riau, Indonesia. Dumai City was chosen to facilitate access to fulfilment of raw materials such as methanol, carbon monoxide and phenol. The…
ABSTRACT Heavy metal pollution such as lead (Pb²⁺) in industrial waste is a serious environmental problem because it is hazardous and toxic which can disrupt human health and ecosystems. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and adsorption time on the adsorption capacity and effectiveness of lead ion adsorption using activated charcoal adsorbent from corn cobs that have bee…
ABSTRACT Heavy metal pollution such as lead (Pb²⁺) in industrial waste is a serious environmental problem because it is hazardous and toxic which can disrupt human health and ecosystems. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and adsorption time on the adsorption capacity and effectiveness of lead ion adsorption using activated charcoal adsorbent from corn cobs that have bee…
ABSTRACT ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) bleaching is a pulp bleaching method that does not use elemental chlorine (Cl₂) directly, but instead utilizes chlorine oxide (ClO₂)-based compounds as the primary agent. This technology was developed to reduce the formation of harmful organochlorine compounds such as dioxins, making it more environmentally friendly than conventional elemental chlorin…
ABSTRACT The proposed construction of a propylene oxide (PO) plant with a capacity of 25,000 tons per year will be carried out in Bontang Utara District, Bontang City, East Kalimantan. The location was chosen due to its proximity to raw material sources and the availability of supporting infrastructure such as ports, distribution networks, energy supply, and industrial water. Domestic demand f…
ABSTRACT The demand for acetic acid in Indonesia continues to rise in line with the growth of downstream industries, while domestic production capacity remains limited, making supply still dependent on imports. Import volume has grown at an average rate of 7.5% per year. This condition underlies the need for the establishment of a domestic acetic acid plant. The Bontang Industrial Estate, East…
ABSTRACT Ethylene is one of the main petrochemical feedstocks with a wide range of industrial applications, including as a raw material for plastics, textiles, polyester fibers, detergents, and various other chemical products. The demand for ethylene in Indonesia continues to increase, while domestic production capacity remains limited at around 900 thousand tons per year. This condition for…
ABSTRACT Ammonia is a raw material in fertilizer production. Ammonia is produced by reacting synthesis gas containing H2 and N2 with a ratio of 3: 1. Synthesis gas contains inert gases that do not react such as Argon, in addition to H2 and N2. H2 gas comes from hydrocarbons found in natural gas and N2 gas from free air. Natural gas used as raw material for production before being processed int…
ABSTRACT Fatty alcohol is a high alcohol compound (aliphatic class) that has a chain length between C8 and C32 that can be produced from animal fat or vegetable oil. Fatty alcohol is generally used in emulsion and micro-emulsion products, for example in cosmetic products, detergents, and personal care products. Indonesia has continued to import fatty alcohol for the past five years with an ave…
ABSTRACT Benzoic acid, also known as benzenecarboxylic acid with the molecular formula C6H5COOH, is a chemical compound commonly used as a preservative in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products. The uses of benzoic acid are not only limited to preservatives but also include being a raw material in the production of alkyd resins, plastic materials, and various other organic compounds. Glo…
ABSTRCT Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is a thermoplastic polymer used as a raw material in the adhesive industry. PVAc whether modified or not, in solution or emulsion form, as a homopolymer or copolymer, shows a diversity that makes this adhesive suitable as a binder for various materials, especially wood products and their derivatives. PVAc is obtained from the polymerization of vinyl acetate mon…
ABSTRACT The chemical industry in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth, increasing the need for supporting materials such as cumene, which is currently still imported from other countries. Cumene (C9H12) is an aromatic compound resulting from the reaction of propylene and benzene, has a colorless liquid form and is an important material in the petrochemical industry. By using the PBE-1 z…
ABSTRACT Propionic acid is a chemical that is widely used as an animal feed preservative, herbicide and food preservative. Propionic acid is also used in the manufacture of calcium and sodium propionate as an additive for preservatives. Propionic acid products have a fairly wide market so demand will definitely increase from year to year, but availability in Indonesia is still not there. In 20…