In this 21st century education, students are expected to have the skills to think critically, solve problems, and have high learning motivation. In the context of chemistry learning, especially with the topics of atomic structure and the periodic table of elements, these skills are very important because the abstract basic concepts of chemistry tend to cause problems during learning. As a resul…
Development and research related to the utilization of biomass is currently motivated by the depletion of the main fuel source reserves derived from fossils. The limited fossil energy sources lead to the need for renewable energy development and energy conservation called green energy development. Biomass utilization is one of the strategic issues in renewable energy development. In Indonesia, …
ABSTRACT Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a highly important organic solvent widely used in the pharmaceutical, textile, and plastic industries due to its excellent thermal stability, high purity, and superior solvent properties. The demand for DMAc in Indonesia has continued to grow annually; however, the supply is currently fully dependent on imports. This presents a significant opportunity for I…
ABSTRACT The demand for Styrene in Indonesia is predicted to increase by 5.5% during the period from 2024 to 2031. The supply of styrene in Indonesia comes from various countries such as China, Canada, Thailand, and Japan. The increase in styrene demand from China's downstream industry is the main driver of rising styrene prices, with the highest demand for styrene dominated by the Asia-Pacifi…
ABSTRACT Ammonia is a compound formed from the bonding of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms which is a gaseous compound at ambient temperature that has a sharp odor and is stored in liquid form. The main use of ammonia compounds is as a raw material in making chemical fertilizers such as UREA and NPK. Apart from that, ammonia is also commonly used as a cooling agent and in the pharmaceutical fiel…
ABSTRACT Cyclohexanol is an intermediate compound that plays a vital role in the chemical industry, particularly as a primary raw material in the production of nylon 6 and nylon 66. As the textile and plastic industries continue to grow both in Indonesia and globally, the demand for cyclohexanol has consistently increased. In response to this opportunity, a cyclohexanol plant is designed with …
ABSTRACT Chloroacetic acid has the molecular formula ClCH2COOH is a compound in the form of a colourless or transparent crystalline solid with hygroscopic properties, which absorbs water from its environment. Chloroacetic acid is produced from the chemical reaction between acetic acid and clorine gas as the main ingredient with anhydrous acetate as a catalyst, this product is obtained thro…
ABSTRACT The design of a dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) plant with a capacity of 40,000 tons/year to meet the raw material needs of the polymer industry in the production of polyethylene terephthalate, which is still imported. The location of the plant was chosen Karanganyar Village, Jenu District, Tuban Regency, East Java Province based on the need for paraxylene raw materials, water sources, t…
ABSTRACT Propylene oxide (PO) is a basic chemical product that is widely used to produce derivative products such as polyurethane, polyether polyols, propylene glycol, glycol ethers, propylene polyols, and several other derivative products. Indonesia's PO production currently still depends on imports to meet domestic demand. Therefore, it is worthwhile to plan the establishment of a PO plant l…
ABSTRACT Methanol is classified as a basic chemical widely used to produce various derivative products such as acetic acid, formaldehyde, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), gasoline, chloromethanes, methylamines, polyvinyl, polyester, rubber, synthetic resins, pharmaceuticals, and Dimethyl Ether (DME). Domestic production has not yet met the national demand for methanol. Therefore, the establ…
E-LKPD can attract students' interest in learning, but innovation is needed in optimizing the use of E-LKPD such as implementing E-LKPD using the discovery learning model. This development research aims to produce E-LKPD based on discovery learning integrated with science process skills on valid colligative properties material based on aspects of content feasibility, characteristics of the disc…
ABSTRACT Rice husk is an abundant agricultural waste containing lignocellulosic compounds and silica, which have the potential to be used as a base material for adsorbents. This study aims to examine the effect of varying heating temperature and time on the physicochemical characteristics and adsorption capacity of rice husk as an adsorbent. Rice husk was heated at temperatures of 100°C, 125�…
ABSTRACT The contamination of lead (Pb) heavy metal in industrial waste is one of the serious environmental problems that threaten both the environment and human health. Industrial wastewater containing lead ions (Pb²⁺) can accumulate in the food chain, posing a danger to human health. One effective and environmentally friendly solution is the adsorption method using biomass as an adsorbent…
ABSTRACT The contamination of lead (Pb) heavy metal in industrial waste is one of the serious environmental problems that threaten both the environment and human health. Industrial wastewater containing lead ions (Pb²⁺) can accumulate in the food chain, posing a danger to human health. One effective and environmentally friendly solution is the adsorption method using biomass as an adsorbent…
ABSTRACT Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) is an organic chemical compound in the form of a clear liquid (molecular formula C₆H₅CₙH₂ₙ₊₁, n=C9-C14) which acts as the main raw material in the production of detergents and cleaning products. This compound has the advantages of high biodegradability and better cleaning effectiveness than other surfactants, as well as characteristics that are …
ABSTRACT The rapid development of industry has contributed greatly to economic growth, but has also had a negative impact on the environment, especially in the form of water pollution due to industrial wastewater. One of the common pollutants is methylene blue dye, which is widely used in the textile industry. This substance is toxic, difficult to degrade, and can cause disruption to aquatic e…
ABSTRACT Diphenyl Carbonate (DPC) is a carbonate ester compound with the chemical formula (C6H5O)2CO which plays a role in the manufacture of Polycarbonate (PC) resin. DPC is used in the synthesis of organic compounds, polymers, solvents, and plasticizers. DPC is an important and non-toxic raw material in the PC industry. The PC production process, which generally involves hazardous and toxic …
ABSTRACT The plant is planned to be located in Pauh Ranap Village, Peranap Subdistrict, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. Coal will serve as the raw material for DME production through a gasification process to produce syngas, which will then be synthesized into methanol. The methanol will then undergo dehydration to produce the final DME product. DME is targeted to be an additive or subs…
ABSTRACT The acrolein plant is designed with a production capacity of 30,000 tons/year. The raw materials used are propylene and oxygen, aided by the α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ catalyst through the propylene oxidation reaction. The propylene oxidation reaction produces acrolein (C₃H₄O) and by-products such as acrylic acid (C₃H₄O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water (H₂O). Indonesia's ave…
ABSTRACT Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) is synthesized with the raw materials of methanol, oxygen, and carbon monoxide to synthesize dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and then DMC is reacted with phenol to synthesize DPC. The plant is planned to be built in Dumai City, Riau, Indonesia. Dumai City was chosen to facilitate access to fulfilment of raw materials such as methanol, carbon monoxide and phenol. The…