Mangroves are plants that thrive in coastal areas that have very high potential for bioactive compounds, one of the type of mangrove is Bruguiera gymnorrhiza L. The purpose of this study was the isolation of secondary metabolites and toxicity tests using the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method. Mangrove leaves were extracted by maceration method using ethanol and fractionated with n-…
This development research aims to develop a LKPD based on the MEA Model on the subject of valid ion balance and pH of saline solution. This research is a development research (R&D) which refers to the 4D stage, but this research only reaches the Development stage. The research instruments used were validation sheets and user response questionnaires. The assessment on the validation sheet is giv…
Talang Mamak is one of proto Malay tribe in Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. This tribe has local wisdom in the use of plants. As a native tribe they have long history of using plants as medicine, including antidiabetic medicines. Therefore, a scientific investigation on their local wisdom is needed. The objectives of research are: 1) To analyze the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibito…
The research that has been done is the Application of Problem Based Learning Model to Improve Concept Understanding and Confidence in Chemical Bonds Learning Materials in class X MIA 1 SMA Negeri 13 Pekanbaru. This research is motivated by the condition of the learning model in the field which is only centered on the teacher (teacher center) so that students do not play an active role in t…
v SUMMARY Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins caused by decreased sensitivity and insulin secretion. Pyridazinone is an aromatic ring compound with a six-chain ring structure consisting of four carbon atoms, one oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms which has various biological activities, one of which is antidiabetic. This research…
SUMMARY Methylene blue is an organic dye that is widely used in various industries such as textiles, paints, plastics, paper and pharmaceuticals. Excessive use of methylene blue and untreated methylene blue waste will cause negative impact for organism and the environment. This study aim to determine the efficiency of methylene blue removal using silver nanoparticle resulted using kepok banana…
SUMMARY Stenochlaena palustris is a species of the genus Stenochlaena that grows in swampy are as and around palm trees, where it frequently forms dense thickets and spreads to cover the ground. Numerous species in this genus have been reported to be antioxidants and antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study is to isolate secondary metabolites from ethyl acetate extract and to evaluate a…
ABSTRACT Laccase Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 an oxidoreductase enzyme with the ability to oxidize various phenolic groups using oxygen as an electron acceptor. Laccase activity can be affected by pH and temperature. In this study, the determination of fractionated laccase activity was investigated in order to obtain higher laccase activity than crude extract activity. Determination of lacc…
SUMMARY Chalcones are composed of two benzene rings connected by a carbon α,β- unsaturated carbonyl structure and has various bioactivity, such as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and inhibitor tyrosinase. For the further development of chalcone compounds, this research has carried out the synthesis of chalcone derivatives and the determination of their activity as a tyrosinase inh…
SUMMARY Rubber seed shells (Hevea brasiliensis) contain fiber and various carbon compounds such a cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin which are potentially used as adsorbents. In this study, rubber seed shell was carbonized at 500°C for 15 minutes and activated with H3PO4 activator. Various concentrations to find the best conditions of activator H3PO4 are 5; 10; 15%. Activated charcoal produ…
SUMMARY Rubber seed shells (Hevea brasiliensis) are one part of the rubber seed that is not widely used, so it only becomes waste in rubber-producing areas. Rubber seed shells have chemical composition of cellulose, lignin, and pentosan as a carbon source, which potentially to be used as charcoal which functions as an adsorbent. This research aims to convert rubber seed shells into charcoa…
SUMMARY White Jabon fruit (Anthocephalus cadamba) can be used as an adsorbent because of its chemical compositions such as cellulose and lignin, which are the basic ingredients in making activated charcoal. The aim of this study was to determine the characterization of activated charcoal and to determine the optimum mass of activated charcoal to the adsorption of Hg2+ ions. In the first stage,…
SUMMARY Cellulase enzymes are enzymes that have many benefits both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, this enzyme is used as a biocatalyst for certain reactions in industry, while in vivo it can be used to convert cellulose waste into products of economic value. In thisstudy, 16 isolates were selected from 47 endophytic bacterial isolates from the mangrove roots of Bruguiera sp, which are a colle…
SUMMARY Laccase is an oxidoreductase enzyme that is able to oxidize phenolic compounds and use oxygen as an electron acceptor. Laccase enzymes can be produced by fungi such as Trichoderma sp. Laccase produced by fungi can be produced on solid media or Solid State Fermentation (SSF). Rice straw and keruing wood sawdust (Diptorocarpus sp.) are waste containing lignocellulose which can be us…
SUMMARY Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 is a collection isolate of Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry. This isolate is originally from Biosphere Reserve in Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu (GSKBB) Province of Riau. The fungus produces potential secondary metabolites that are able to inhibit Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to purifiy ethyl acetate extract of the liquid media o…
SUMMARY Hydrazone is an organic compound that has a basic structure (R1R2C=N-NR3R4). Azomethine (-NHN=CH) is the active group of the hydrazone compound, which makes this compound has a variety biological activities. In this research, the synthesis of the hydrazone compound (1-(naphtalene-2-il)ethyliden)hydrazine (IHK-AN2) obtained from the condensation reaction between 2-acetylnaphtalene and h…
SUMMARY Kaolin as natural minerals contains silica and alumina therefore it is potential as basic material for synthesizing process of ZSM-5. This study aimed to carry out synthesizing zeolite from kaolin with addition PEG template by setting hydrothermal times from 12 until 48 hours at a hydrothermal temperature of 140 °C. ZSM-5 was synthesized in molar composition 1SiO2: 0.0067Al2O3 : 0.88 …
ABSTRACT Rhizophora mucronata is a type of mangrove that has diverse secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites in Rhizophora mucronata include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenol compounds. The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites and to determine toxicity test by BSLT method. Leave extraction was carried out using warm water and then extracted with ethyl acetate…
SUMMARY Rhizophora mucronata is a type of mangrove that has a variety of secondary metabolite compounds. Secondary metabolites in Rhizophora mucronata include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and other phenol compounds. The purpose of this study is secondary metabolite isolation of mangrove leaves Rhizophora mucronata and toxicity test using BSLT method. This research was carried out using …
SUMMARY Depression is a mental illness characterized by emotional instability, difficulty concentrating, lack of interest in fun things, physical disturbances (difficulty sleeping and eating), feeling a bad future or quickly giving up, and thoughts of suicide. One of the causes of these depression symptoms is due to the catalytic activity of the MAO-A enzyme which can destroy monoamine compoun…