ABSTRACT Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a major plantation commodity in Indonesia, particularly in Riau Province, due to its high potential for development and its role in producing vegetable oil. As of 2022, Indonesia's oil palm plantation area reached 14.98 million hectares, with 2.85 million hectares located in Riau, accounting for 20% of the national total. Delayed flowering and…