ABSTRACT Biobutanol is an alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels which can be produced from natural materials or from production waste containing sugar and starch. The combustion energy of butanol (27,800 kJ/L) is greater than ethanol (21,100 kJ/L), although lower than gasoline (31,200 kJ/L), so the amount of butanol needed to produce the same energy as burning gasoline is less tha…