Final project discusses the concept of quasi-ideals in more general structures, namely seminear-rings and ternary seminear-rings. In determining quasi-ideals in seminear-rings and ternary seminear-rings, de_nitions and theorems related to the structure of seminear-rings and ternary seminear-rings and their res- pective ideal concepts are provided, as well as subseminear-rings and ternary subsem…
This final project discusses two-step iteration methods for solving nonlinear equ- ations. ALG1 method is derived by utilizing the Householder method, Taylor expansion, and Newton method as predictors. ALG2 method is a modification of ALG1 using interpolation techniques. Convergence analysis using Taylor expansion and geometric series shows that both methods have a convergence order of six with…
This final project aims to improve production efficiency in a home-based ba- kery business located in Pekanbaru, by determining the optimal production quantities to maximize profit. The optimization technique applied is integer programming with the branch-and-bound approach, which calculates decision variable values using POM QM V5 software. The research is based on completed order data, includ…
Drynaria sparsisora is an epiphytic fern species belonging to the Polypodiaceae family. Several species within this genus have been reported to exhibit anti- inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. This study aimed to isolate secondary metabolites from the chloroform extract of D. sparsisora and evaluate their antifungal activity. The chloroform extract wa…
CaO catalyst impregnated with SiO2 (silica) is a heterogeneous catalyst that is widely used in transesterification reactions for biodiesel synthesis. However, the yield of biodiesel produced is not optimal, due to the small surface area and stability of the catalyst, requiring modification with other types of metal oxides such as Fe₂O₃. Fe₂O₃ has high porosity and stability thus can inc…
Fungi are one of the promising microorganisms for the discovery of new drug candidates as antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. One of the microorganism that is thought to be used as a producer of new antimicrobials is Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 and LBKURCC38 from the peat soil of the primary forest of the Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve (GSKBB), Riau Province. The metabolomic an…
Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria are still a public health problem in the world. Therefore, the search for sources of bioactive compounds, especially antimicrobials and antioxidants, continues along with the increasing resistance of bacteria to existing antibiotics. One of the fungi isolated from local peat soil in Riau is Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 and LBKURCC39 which has antimicrobial …
Laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) is a p-diphenol: dioxygen oxidoreductase classified as a multi-copper protein and has broad substrate specificity. The potential of laccase as one of the enzymes produced from fungal isolate Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 has been reported in the enzymatic degradation of several chemical compounds such as synthetic dyes. This research f…
Some studies inform that Allium cepa L. onions contain secondary metabolites that have the potential as natural antioxidants and as inhibitors to inhibit α-amylase activity. Therefore, the antioxidant potential and α-amylase inhibition of three different types of shallots, namely onions, Brebes and Solok were tested and it is suspected that these three shallots contain different secondary me…
Laccase enzyme (E.C1.10.3.2: oxygen oxidoreductase) is a multi-copper enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation process of various types of organic and inorganic compounds such as mono, di- and polyphenol compounds, aminophenols, methoxyphenols, substituted phenols, diamines, aromatic amines and ascorbic acid. Laccase is an oxidoreductase enzyme produced by various organisms, primarily fungi. This re…
Silica Catalyst (SiO2) is a heterogeneous catalyst that can be used in producing diesel precursors through hydroxyalkylation-alkylation (HAA) reactions. Silica (SiO2) as a catalyst material has a high surface area, good chemical and thermal stability, but lacks better adsorption capacity and catalytic activity, hence the addition of sulfate groups is necessary. The addition of sulfate functiona…
Carica papaya Linn var. Bangkok adalah tumbuhan genus Carica yang beberapa bagian dari tumbuhan ini antara lain akar, daun, batang, buah, biji buah memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh. Biji pepaya diduga memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai senyawa antioksidan dan inhibitor α-amilase, oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini ditentukan kemampuan antioksidan dan inhibitor …
Monstera deliciosa Liebm is a tropical plant belonging to the Araceae family which originates from tropical rainforests in Central America. M. Deliciosa contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and phenolics which have quite good anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant activity. This research aims to isolate and characterize alkaloid compounds …
Papaya seed (Carica papaya) is a plant material derived from the papaya fruit that is not maximally utilised and becomes waste that is not used by the community. Papaya seeds have active components in the form of proteins that can act as coagulant agents. This study aims to prepare, characterise and determine the effectiveness of the effect of particle size and solvent concentration on papaya s…
The synthesis of biodiesel using a CaO-SiO₂ catalyst derived from blood clam shells (CaO) and palm kernel shell fly ash (SiO₂) has been conducted. The results obtained thus far are not yet optimal, as the surface area and catalytic activity remain low. To enhance the surface area of the catalyst, the addition of metal oxides, such as Fe₂O₃, is necessary. ............................
The CaO-SiO2 catalyst is a type of heterogeneous catalyst widely used in biodiesel production. Modifying the CaO-SiO2 catalyst by adding Fe2O3 can enhance its catalytic activity, surface area, and increase the number of active sites, resulting in a higher biodiesel yield. The aim of this study was to synthesize the CaO-SiO2/Fe2O3 catalyst from blood clam shells, coconut husks, and Fe2O3 powder …
The mango seed contains active components, such as proteins, which can act as coagulant agents (biocoagulants). This study aims to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the effectiveness of mango seed as a biocoagulant for the removal of color, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS) in peat water. Mango seed biocoagulants were prepared using dry grinding (PK) an…
Heterogeneous base catalysts are commonly used as substitutes for homogeneous catalysts in the transesterification reaction for biodiesel synthesis, with CaO being a prominent example. CaO can be obtained from blood clam shells through calcination at temperatures above 700℃. However, CaO catalyst has a relatively low surface area, necessitating modifications, such as the addition of Fe2O3, to…
Street-vended beverages are drinks prepared and sold by street vendors in crowded public areas, such as markets and streets, intended for immediate consumption without further processing. This study aimed to assess the microbiological safety of street-vended beverages sold by vendors in Pekanbaru City. Samples were collected from seven districts, yielding a total of 16 beverage samples. Microbi…
Carbon dots from fluff tea are one of the adsorbents that can be used to remove colorants from water. Fluff tea is a waste product from tea processing factories, consisting of whole and broken tea leaves and branches resulting from green tea production. Fluff tea contains amino acids, proteins, cellulose, microelements, tannins, and polyphenols that can be utilized as adsorbents. This research …