ABSTRACT Black liquor or WBL is obtained from washing pulp generally has a solid content of 15-16%. This WBL must be concentrated until it reaches 80-82% or it can be called Firing Liquor. The unit used to concentrate WBL is called evaporation plant unit. The results of the process in the evaporator unit are firing liquor and condensate. One of the condensates, namely condensate C (foul c…
ABSTRACT In the chemical plant department, chlorine dioxide is produced by reacting strong chlorate and hydrochloric acid. Strong chlorate is produced in the electrolysis process that occurs in the electrolyzer. Then, the strong chlorate that is formed will be reacted with HCl in the generator and then leave a weak chlorate solution which overflows to the evaporator. Weak chlorate evaporator i…
ABSTRACT Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a chemical used to help remove lignin or delignification which can damage the color of the pulp which is used in the cooking process in the digester. In the chemical plant department, NaOH is produced by a chlor alkali plant using a salt solution as raw material having a concentration of 300 ± 5 gpl. The salt solution used to produce NaOH will be purified f…
ABSTRACT The runability of a paper machine is one of the most important things in producing quality paper. If the runability is good, it can produce more paper products and can reduce production costs. Uneven starch and streak are problems that are often found in sizers, which are part of the paper machine. The runability of the old sizer system in PT RAPP's paper machine 2 had a splashing pro…
ABSTRACT Hydrazine is an inorganic compound in the form of a colorless flammable liquid with an odor like ammonia. Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in the manufacture of polymeric foams, polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals. In addition, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and in the manufacture of gas precursors used in air bags. Currently, the design of a hydrazine p…
ABSTRACT Isobutylene is an intermediate product that has an important role in various chemical industries. Given the increasing demand for isobutylene while the producers of I sobutilene itself, especially in Indonesia, can still be said to be limited, it can be concluded that the market for isobutylene plants is still very open, both domestic and foreign markets . In Indonesia , isobutylene p…
ABSTRACT Cumene is an intermediate product that has an important role in producing other industrial products such as: nylon, polycarbonate, epoxy, and others. Cumene is also the main ingredient in the manufacture of phenol and acetone. Cumene is produced by reacting benzene and propylene. This plant is designed to produce 10,000 tons of cumene per year, operating continuously for 330 days/year…
ABSTRACT The design of the fatty amine plant from palm kernel oil using the nitrile hydrogenation process aims to determine the location for construction. The fatty amine plant is designed with a capacity of 42,768 tons/year. Fatty acid which is the main raw material for obtaining fatty amine products. This reaction is carried out by reacting fatty acids with ammonia at a temperature of 300oC …
ABSTRACT Methanol is the simplest form of alcohol. Methanol is often referred to as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol or spirit which includes chemical compounds with the chemical formula CH3OH. Most of methanol, is produced from fossil fuels and more than 85% of global methanol production is based on natural gas reforming and gasification of coal. Biomass is biological material derived from living…
ABSTRACT Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N2H4 which is a colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Hydrazine is also known as Diamine or Diazane or Nitrogen hydride and is a strong base. In this final project a plant design from ammonia will be carried out. The pre-designed hydrazine plant also used ammonia and sodium hydroxide as raw materials for sodi…
ABSTRACT Styrene is a petrochemical product that is widely used to make synthetic rubber. Styrene (C6H5CH=CH2) is the simplest aromatic monomer and by far the most important monomer. Styrene is also known commercially as styrene monomer (SM), styrene is produced in large quantities for polymerization. In this design, styrene is made using ethylbenzene as raw material through a dehydrogenation …
ABSTRACT Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer that has the following monomeric structure: -CH2=CH2. Polypropylene is the raw material for making various kinds of plastic goods with the current market price of 2500-3000 USD/ton. Polypropylene is an important and widely used thermoplastic polymer. The development of various variations and the breadth of its use, it is possible to manipulate …
ABSTRACT The development of the chemical industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly. One of the chemical industries established in Indonesia is benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) can be produced through the catalytic reforming process from naphtha. The chemical process that occurs is described as a dehydrocyclodimerization process and thermodynamically this pro…
ABSTRACT Acrylic acid is an organic compound in the form of a colorless liquid which is commonly used in many industries such as the diaper industry, the water treatment industry or the textile industry. In the global market, the consumption rate of acrylic acid is expected to reach more than 8,000 kilo tons in 2020. The high demand for acrylic acid is possibly due to the use of this product f…
[email protected] ABSTRACT Methanol is the simplest form of alcohol. Methanol is often referred to as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol or spirit which includes chemical compounds with the chemical formula CH3OH. Most of methanol, is produced from fossil fuels and more than 85% of global methanol production is based on natural gas reforming and gasification of coal. Biomass is biolog…
ABSTRACT Along with the times, the need for chemicals in Indonesia is getting bigger. One of the most widely used chemicals is ethylene oxide. This chemical, also known as epoxyethane is widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The main raw material for the manufacture of ethylene oxide with the DOW Meteor process uses ethylene and oxygen. Ethylene oxide (oxirane) is the …
ABSTRACT The acetic acid industry in Indonesia is one of the chemical industries that has good prospects. This acetic acid product has a fairly wide market such as the Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) industry, the ethyl acetate industry, the textile industry, the rubber yarn industry and is also used as a semi-finished material to make chemicals, such as vinyl acetate, cellulose acetate, acid…
ABSTRACT High density polyethylene or high density polyethylene is one type of high-density polymer that is flexible, impact resistant, low temperature resistant, even freeze water resistant which is potential as a matrix candidate in making bone replacement composites. One process that can be used in synthesizing high density polyethylene is the CX-Mitsui process. CX-Mitsui processes there is…
ABSTRACT Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) is a type of synthetic plastic that is nonbidegradable or cannot be degraded by microorganisms. Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) is urgently needed as a raw material for the manufacture of electronics, military, shipping, medical devices to household appliances. The need for PBT increases along with the increase in the capacity of plastic food and …
Vinil Acetate is the simplest ether compound in the form of a colorless gas. Vinil Acetate has similar properties to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) so it can be used as a new energy source. The main raw materials for the manufacture of Vinil Acetate are Ethylene, Acetic Acid and Oxygen. The process used in the dimevinil acetate plant is an acetic acid gas process because it produces high yield a…