Universitas Riau – Pascasarjana – Disertasi Ilmu Lingkungan

In 2020 Plantation Statistics recorded that palm oil plantations in Riau Province reached 2,850,0003 ha, smallholders of 1,831,592 ha community plantations, 73,276 ha state, and 945,135 ha private sector. The development of palm oil plantations is often considered to ignore environmental aspects and only for economic interests. However, the impact of oil palm plantation development contributes …