Pengaruh Financial Leverage, Dividend Payout Ratio, Net Profit Margin Dan Kep…

This research is a quantitative study that aims to determine how financial leverage, dividend payout ratio, net profit margin, and public ownership affect the practice of income smoothing in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2018 period. The number of samples of this study were 44 companies with the sampling method using purposive sampling method. This study uses second…