Analisis Abrasi Pantai Dan Degradasi Hutan Mangrove Pulau Bengkalis Menggunak…

ABSTRACT Mangrove forests are vital ecosystems that protect coastlines from erosion and support biodiversity. However, damage caused by human activities and natural phenomena has led to the degradation of these ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the changes in the coastline and mangrove forest degradation in Pulau Bengkalis spatially and temporally during the period 1994-2024. This analysi…