ABSTRACT Indonesia has many companies or home industries that process tea. This condition has the potential to produce solid waste in the form of tea waste in relatively large quantities. So far, tea waste is only fermented into fertilizer and the rest is simply thrown away, so further processing is needed to become a product that has economic value. Tea waste can be processed into environmenta…
Due to the increasing demand for mono- and diglycerides (MDG) as emulsifier in food industries has led to further research on their kinetic studies in order to investigate for more efficient process prior to energy consumption as well as producing high conversion and MDG product purities. Conventional MDG production by glycerolysis of fatty acids can be carried out in the presence of homog…
ABSTRACT Butanol is one of the chemicals whose needs continue to increase for industry. Butanol with the chemical formula C4H10O is required for industrial needs as a solvent or organic synthesis. Butanol is an intermediate material used as raw material for downstream industries in the textile, polymer, plastic, paint, surface coating and pharmaceutical industries. The level of butanol consump…
ABSTRACT Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) is one of the chemicals that is needed in various industries, especially in water treatment processes. The establishment of an aluminum sulfate factory with a capacity of 12,500 tons/year in Pontianak, West Kalimantan is one of the efforts to meet the needs of chemical factories for aluminum sulfate and also to meet the export needs of aluminum sulfate in …
ABSTRACT Acrylonitrile is a chemical that has many uses. In the industrial sector, acrylonitrile is known as an intermediate used in the manufacture of polymers such as thermoplastic acrylic fibers (Acrylonitrile Butadiene and Styrene), NBR (Nitrile Barrier Resins), synthetic rubber and aponitrile. The production of acrylonitrile can be done by several processes, one of which is the sohio proc…
ABSTRACT Indonesia is one of the countries that continues to encourage the growth of the domestic chemical industry so that it becomes a driving sector for the national economy. One of the important chemical industries is the urea formaldehyde industry. This is because based on a report published by Fior Markets, the global urea formaldehyde market is expected to grow from USD 6,3 billion in 2…
ABSTRACT Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O) or gypsum is one of the most useful processed materials. Applications of calcium sulfate dihydrate are as a building material, a chalk-making material, an additive in the manufacture of portland cement, and as an additive in certain foods such as tofu and some medicines and pharmaceuticals. The process of forming calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum…
ABSTRACT Phenol is one of the chemicals needed in various industries. In the chemical industry, phenol is used as a raw material for making phenolic resins, raw material for making bisphenol-A, nylon, peptides and medicines. The process for making phenol is carried out using the versalis process/lummus technology by reacting cumene and oxygen. The purpose of the bubble column reactor (R-103) i…
ABSTRACT Indonesia has abundant mineral content, especially bauxite. Bauxite contains alumina (Al2O3) which can be processed into aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) through the Dorr process. Aluminum sulfate is an indispensable chemical in many industries such as the paper, batik, textile, leather, cosmetic, and fire extinguishing industries. The raw materials used in the manufacture of aluminum sul…
ABSTRACT Epichlorohydrin with the chemical formula C3H5ClO is an organochlorine and epoxide compound derived from allyl chloride. Epichlorohydrin is commonly used for various industries as a raw material manufacture of epoxy, peroxy, polyamide resins, polyether rubber, surfactants, elastomers, lubricants and paints. This epichlorohydrin plant will operate for 330 days per year with continuous …
Dimethyl Ether (DME) is the simplest ether compound in the form of a colorless gas. Dimethyl ether has similar properties to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) so it can be used as a new energy source. The main raw materials for the manufacture of dimethyl ether are methanol and catalyst support material Alumina (Al2O3). The process used in the dimethyl ether plant is an indirect synthesis pro…
ABSTRACT Butanol is one of the chemicals with the chemical formula C4H10O which is needed for industrial needs as a solvent or organic synthesis. Butanol is an intermediate material used as raw material for downstream industries in the textile, polymer, plastic, paint, surface coating and pharmaceutical industries. In the chemical industry, Butanol is used as a solvent, in the manufacture of v…
ABSTRACT Aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] is one of the chemicals that indispensable in various industries. Aluminum sulfate is produced by the Dorr process which reacts materials that contains Al2O3 and 77% sulfuric acid with barium sulfate (BaS) as catalyst in a CSTR reactor at 110°C and 1 atm pressure with 78-100% conversions. From the reactor then fed to the evaporator, crystallizer, centrifu…
ABSTRACT Isobutyl palmitate (C20H40O2) known as hexadecanoic acid 2-methyl propyl ester is an organic compound which is a colorless liquid at room temperature, soluble in alcohol and ether, but insoluble in water. Isobutyl palmitate has the main function as a solvent and plasticizer. Currently, Indonesia is still importing isobutyl palmitate, due to the absence of isobutyl palmitate plant in I…
ABSTRACT Butanol is a chemical that can be used in the chemical industry. Butanol (C4H10O) is used as a solvent or organic synthesis in industries such as textiles, plastics, polymers, paints and pharmaceuticals. The main raw materials used for the manufacture of Butanol are Butyl Butyrate and Hydrogen with the Hydrogenation process. The Butanol factory is planned to be built with a capacity o…
ABSTRACT The development of the textile industry is quite rapid in Indonesia, the rapid development of this industry will also be accompanied by increasing pollution. One of the dyestuffs that are often used in the textile industry is Rhodamine-B dyestuff, Rhodamine-B compounds have water-soluble properties However, this compound is dangerous if it is directly exposed to the skin, eyes or dige…
Abstract Biogas is a renewable energy source, which can be produced from organic waste, such a palm oil mill effluent (POME), through an anaerobic fermentation process. The main components of biogas are Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition there are other gases in relatively small amounts, namely nitrogen (N2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) hydrogen (H2) and water vapor (H2O). To avoid …
ABSTRACT Industry is a sector that have an important role in the Indonesian economy. One of them is Textile and Textile Products (TPT) industry which has increased from year to year. This raises concerns about the amount of waste produced, like RB which is a complex organic waste and is difficult to be degraded by the environment. Semiconductor photo-fenton is an effective waste treatment meth…
ABSTRACT The characteristics of rubber foam are influenced by various parameters, including tensile strenght and density. The purpose of this study was to make and determine the characteristics of foam rubber products based on natural rubber latex with coconut fiber filler. The manufacture of rubber foam is carried out in several stages, namely the process of making latex and mixing of additiv…
ABSTRACT The characteristics of rubber foam are influenced by various parameters, including tensile strenght and density. The purpose of this study was to make and determine the characteristics of foam rubber products based on natural rubber latex with coconut fiber filler. The manufacture of rubber foam is carried out in several stages, namely the process of making latex and mixing of additiv…