CD Disertasi

Pemanfaatan Limbah Peternakan Sebagai Media Hidup Pakan Ikan Budidaya Secara Berkelanjutan Di Provinsi Riau

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Background and Objectives: The maximum possible use of natural resources requires control that is harmonious, harmonious and balanced because uncontrolled changes and disturbances to natural resources and the environment will cause problems for the human environment. This will cause pollution, poisoning, erosion, floods and drought so that it can ultimately affect human welfare. Pollution due to waste from the agricultural sector, for example, can be caused by waste from plantations, food crops, horticultural crops, livestock, fisheries, forestry and forest products. Waste contains various substances in solid, liquid or gas form. If this waste is disposed of in a short period of time and in large quantities into a certain environment, it can cause pollution, so it will endanger living creatures in the environment. One of the wastes from the livestock sector is feces produced by livestock which can apparently be used as a living medium which has potential for the development of natural food types of earthworms as feed for cultivated fish continuously and sustainably and is very environmentally friendly. The use of livestock feces as a medium for cultivating earthworms really helps the community in overcoming this waste problem. So the community is greatly helped by the use of animal feces which can be used in cultivating earthworms (L.rubellus) which have been a factor in environmental pollution, making it a material that can be used in fisheries activities. One of the wastes from the livestock sector is feces produced by livestock which can apparently be used as a living medium which has potential for the development of natural food types of earthworms as feed for cultivated fish continuously and sustainably and is very environmentally friendly. The use of livestock feces as a medium for cultivating earthworms really helps the community in overcoming this waste problem. So the community is greatly helped by the use of animal feces which can be used in cultivating earthworms (L.rubellus) which have been a factor in environmental pollution, making it a material that can be used in fisheries activities. One of the wastes from the livestock sector is feces produced by livestock which can apparently be used as a living medium which has potential for the development of natural food types of earthworms as feed for cultivated fish continuously and sustainably and is very environmentally friendly. The use of livestock feces as a medium for cultivating earthworms really helps the community in overcoming this waste problem. So the community is greatly helped by the use of animal feces which can be used in cultivating earthworms (L.rubellus) which have been a factor in environmental pollution, making it a material that can be used in fisheries activities. The use of livestock feces as a medium for cultivating earthworms really helps the community in overcoming this waste problem. So the community is greatly helped by the use of animal feces which can be used in cultivating earthworms (L. rubellus) which have been a

factor in environmental pollution, making it a material that can be used in fisheries activities. The use of livestock feces as a medium for cultivating earthworms really helps the community in overcoming this waste problem. So the community is greatly helped by the use of animal feces which can be used in cultivating earthworms (L. rubellus) which have been a factor in environmental pollution, making it a material that can be used in fisheries activities. As aquaculture activities are increasingly carried out extensively, semi-intensive, intensively and even super intensively, a sufficient supply of natural feed is required to meet market demand for this feed. This research aims to analyze the best livestock feces waste to increase the population of earthworms (L. rubellus), analyze the effectiveness of the use of earthworms (L. rubellus) to accelerate the level of gonad maturity of betok fish (A. testudineus) and Analyzing strategy formulation andtechnical method based on betok (A. testudineus) aquaculture that is fast, environmentally friendly and sustainable. Material and Methods: This research was conducted using experimental methods which were carried out from March to August 2022, at the Fish Seed Center (BBI) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University. Measurement of water physico-chemical parameters is carried out in situ (in the field) and ex situ (sample measurements are carried out by preserving and analyzing at the Fisheries Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of Riau). The material used in carrying out this research was earthworm parent (L. rubellus) which came from the Brackish Water Aquaculture Fisheries Center (BPBAP) Ujoeng Bate, Banda Aceh. Cow feces waste as a treatment medium was obtained from cattle breeders in Simpang Tiga Village, Bukit Raya, Pekanbaru City, goat feces waste was obtained from goat breeders in Maharatu Village, Marpoyan Damai and buffalo feces waste from breeders in Buluh Cina Village, Siak Hulu, Kampar Regency, while soil obtained from the experimental garden of the UIR Faculty of Agriculture and clean water was obtained from the Fish Seed Center (BBI) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University. Parent betok fish (A. testudineus) aged around 4-5 months, whose gonads have not yet matured. Betok fish ordered in Teratak Buluh Village, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia. Measurement of population increase was carried out after maintenance for 42 days or 6 weeks of maintenance, using a sampling method by taking 4 sampling points in the research container. After calculating the number of worms in each sample, it is averaged, after the average of worms is obtained, the next step is to calculate the total number of media, then by the number of media obtained, multiplied by the sample average then the number of population increases will be obtained after subtracting the initial number of worm populations soil (L. rubellus). This research to test the use of faecal waste media for earthworms (L. rubellus) used a Completely Randomized Block Design (RAL) pattern with 3 treatments and 4 replications with the equation formula Yij=μ+τi+εij and ufor the experimental design used in betok fish research (A. testudineus). Completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replicationswith the equation formula Yij=μ+τi+εij. Results and Discussion: Based on the data obtained, it can be seen that the average increase in the population of earthworms (L. rubellus) in each treatment varies according to the treatment given. The earthworm population in treatment P0 experienced a decrease in the initial population number of 160 individuals to 69 individuals at the end of the study so there was no increase in the population of earthworms (L.

rubellus), while treatment P1 numbered 8086 individuals from the initial 160 individuals so the population increased by 7926 individuals, treatment P2 numbered 160 individuals at the beginning of the study, experiencing an increase of 4639 individuals at the end of the study, so the population increased by 4479 individuals. Likewise, the P3 treatment also experienced an increase from the initial number of 160 individuals included to 5277 individuals at the end of the study, so the population increased by 5117 individuals and the P4 treatment amounted to 160 individuals when initially included, experiencing an increase of 6635 individuals at the end of the study, so the population increased by 6475 individuals. Based on this data, it turns out that the highest increase in worm population was found in treatment P1, followed by P4, P3 and P2. Meanwhile, the lowest was in treatment P0, where there was absolutely no population increase. The population increase in treatment P1 which uses buffalo feces waste is 100% influenced by the fiber contained in buffalo feces waste being finer compared to other livestock, making it easier for worms to utilize buffalo feces waste as food. In addition, the test medium for buffalo feces waste is more loose than the test medium. other. Treatment P4 was the second best result with an increase in the earthworm population of 6475 individuals. In this treatment, 25% soil is used + 25% buffalo feces waste + 25% goat feces waste + 25% cow feces waste + 25% goat feces waste. However, the results obtained were not better than treatment P1 by administering 100% buffalo feces waste. The test media, a mixture of animal feces waste and soil, produced a better increase than giving 100% goat feces waste in treatment P2 and 100% cow feces waste in treatment P3. This was influenced by the addition of soil in the test media in helping the worms digest food. The P3 treatment is the third best treatment with a population increase of 5117 individuals, where this treatment is a treatment that uses 100% cow feces waste, but the P3 treatment is no better than the P1 treatment. Observations made during research on cow feces waste as a test medium which is not used directly by worms as food can be observed from the worm feces waste (vermicompost) produced on the surface of the test medium in the first week. New worm activity increased in the third week where vermicompost started to appear on the surface of the media and the pH increased, the worm activity slowed down which made the population increase no better than treatments P1 and P4, where the cocoons had not had time to hatch after 42 days of maintenance. Earthworms prefer cow feces that are undergoing a decomposition process rather than fresh cow feces. Treatment P2 is the fourth best treatment where the population increased by 4479 individuals. This treatment uses 100% goat feces waste, but does not produce population increases as well as P1, P4, and P3, which have more population increases. Observations were made of goat feces waste in the drying test media on the surface of the media when the humidity began to decrease due to evaporation. However, when the humidity is increased by watering, the media becomes damp only on the surface of the media and wet at the bottom of the media, making the decomposition process incomplete, causing the worms' reproductive activity to be disrupted, therefore the test media for goat feces waste means population growth is no better than treatment using buffalo feces waste and cows. Treatment P0 is the lowest treatment where soil media (100%) is used as a control treatment. In this treatment there was no population increase at the end of the study. There is no increase in the number of individual earthworm populations, because it is

influenced by the unavailability of organic material in the soil as a food source for the worms to live and develop. Treatment P0 is the lowest treatment where soil media (100%) is used as a control treatment. In this treatment there was no population increase at the end of the study. There is no increase in the number of individual earthworm populations, because it is influenced by the unavailability of organic material in the soil as a food source for the worms to live and develop. Treatment P0 is the lowest treatment where soil media (100%) is used as a control treatment. In this treatment there was no population increase at the end of the study. There is no increase in the number of individual earthworm populations, because it is influenced by the unavailability of organic material in the soil as a food source for the worms to live and develop. Development of gonad maturity phases of betok fish (A. testudineus) it has begun to be seen in the P2 treatment test with tkg phase 1 (2 tails), P3 phase tkg 1 (3 tails) and P4 phase tkg 1 (5 tails) where in the tkg phase 1 the condition of the eggs is reddish white, not yet clearly visible and still in liquid form, meaning that the tkg 1 phase is already present, but still not yet mature because the tkg phase on day 15 is still in the category of the phase leading to gonadal maturity in the tkg 1 phase. Betok fish tkg phase (A. testudineus) has started to reach the tkg 3 phase in the P3 and P4 treatment trials, totaling 5 fish, where the granules in the betok fish eggs (A. testudineus) it's starting to look clear, kit is possible that the development process of this fish breed during the rearing period is in the summer where the weather becomes drier and the water level drops so that the water temperature rises, ranging from 24- 320C, while for treatment P0 phase tkg 1 (2 tails), phase tkg 2 (2 tails), P1 phase tkg 1 (2 tails) phase tkg 2 (3 tails), P2 phase tkg 1 (1 tails) phase tkg 2 (3 tails), P3
tkg phase 1 (2 tails), tkg phase 2 (3 tails) tkg phase 3 (2 tails), P4 tkg phase 1 (2 tails) tkg phase 2 (2 tails) and tkg phase 3 (3 tails). The tkg 4 phase indicates that the test fish are still in the early stages of development towards the level of gonad maturity. The gonads are 2/3 full in the abdominal cavity and the eggs are detected as reddish orange. On the 45th day, the test fish had reached the tkg 4 phase circle, where the egg pellets in the test fish were clearly visible in the P3 and P4 treatment tests, totaling 7 for the P3 treatment and 8 for the P4 treatment. Treatment P0 phase 1 (3 tails), phase 2 (2 tails), treatment P1 phase 1 (1 tails),
phase 2 (2 tails), phase 3 (2 tails), treatment P2 phase 1 (2 tails) tkg phase 2 (1
tails), tkg phase 3 (3 tails), treatment P3 phase tkg 2 (2 tails) phase tkg 3 (2 tails)
phase tkg 4 (3 tails), while for treatment P4 phase tkg 2 (2 tails) tkg phase 3 (2 tails) and tkg phase 4 (4 tails). For the tkg phase on day 60, it shows that earthworms are given (L. rubellus) in the P4 treatment, the highest phase at tkg 4 reached the 5 parent fish tested, it is estimated that this was due to the influence of the time span in which earthworms were fed (L. rubellus) 5 times in 1 day, while for the P3 treatment the time span for feeding earthworms (L. rubellus) 4 times in 1 day gives the test results for achieving the tkg 4 phase 4 fish and for the P2 treatment test results reached the tkg 4 phase as many as 2 test fish with the assumption that the optimal feeding was 3 times in 1 day. Conclusion: Waste 100% buffalo ice is the best waste composition with a population increase of 7926 individual earthworms (L. rubellus) from the initial 160 individuals during 42 days of maintenance. Effectiveness of utilization of livestock feces waste has a significant effect on the gonad maturity rate of betok fish (A. testudineus), gonad maturity index (IKG), fecundity, egg diameter and feed conversion. Development

of knowledge, strategy and the recommended fast, environmentally friendly and sustainable technical method based on betok fish (A. testudineus) aquaculture is the application of the time span for feeding earthworms (L. rubellus) with a frequency of 5 times in 1 day for the duration hours: 7, 9, 12, 15 and 18.

Reference : 157 (from 1972th – 2022th)

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

2010341967

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau PASCASARJANA DISERTASI S3 Ilmu lingkungan., 2024

Deskripsi Fisik

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Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

2010341967

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

DISERTASI S3 ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Mutia

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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