CD Tesis
discovering affecting factors on oral communication of english study program students universitas riau
Speaking proficiency is a key component of communicative competence in the
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. Despite studying in an English-focused
academic setting, many students in the English Study Program at Universitas Riau still face
challenges in using English for oral communication. To investigate this issue, the study
employed a descriptive quantitative research design complemented by qualitative data.
Quantitative data were obtained through a validated 30-item questionnaire administered to
74 sophomore students, representing about 70% of the accessible population of 106
students. For the qualitative phase, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with
eight voluntary participants selected through convenience sampling. Since volunteers
exceeded the required sample, questionnaire scores were used to ensure diversity and
reduce selection bias. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS,
while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. The findings revealed that
internal factors—including anxiety, self-efficacy, motivation, vocabulary, pronunciation,
fluency, accuracy, and grammar—influence students’ oral communication performance.
Linguistic barriers, particularly limited vocabulary and pronunciation difficulties, emerged
as the most prominent constraints, while psychological challenges were present but less
dominant. Externally, limited practice opportunities, passive classroom interaction, and
curriculum misalignment hindered communicative exposure. These results suggest the
need for pedagogical strategies and curriculum reforms that prioritize authentic speaking
activities and cultivate a supportive peer-speaking environment.
Keywords: oral communication, EFL learners, psychological, linguistic, environmental
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