CD Disertasi

Model implementasi sertifikasi ispo (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) Perkebunan sawit petani swadaya DI provinsi Riau

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Background and Objectives: One of the efforts made by the Indonesian government to ensure the sustainability of palm oil industry development is creating plantation sustainability standards. This effort aims to address negative allegations by providing Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certificates to palm oil businesses/actors in Indonesia. The challenges of Indonesia's palm oil industry sustainability primarily relate to environmental issues and mandatory ISPO implementation by 2025. The main problems faced by independent smallholders include land legality and uncertified seedlings. In Riau, out of a total of 2.86 million hectares of oil palm plantations, ISPO certification achievement for smallholders is only 8,841.98 hectares (5.01%). This research aims to analyze existing conditions (economic, ecological and social), ISPO implementation, influencing factors, and design an ISPO certification model for independent smallholder oil palm plantations in Riau Province.
Research Methods: This research uses a mixed-method approach with an embedded correlational model, where the quantitative approach is used to support and strengthen qualitative findings. The research was conducted in four districts in Riau Province: Rokan Hilir, Pelalawan, Siak, and Kampar, with research subjects including oil palm farmers, farmer institutions, plantation companies, and government agencies in charge of plantations. Data collection was carried out through documentation, questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, field observations, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The research used accidental sampling technique with a sample size of 400 respondents calculated using the Slovin formula. Data analysis used three approaches: qualitative analysis to process interview and observation data, Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) approach to analyze factors affecting ISPO implementation, and Scale Likert's Summated Rating (SLR) to measure farmers' readiness level in ISPO implementation.
Results and Discussion: Based on research of 400 oil palm farmer respondents in four districts in Riau (Rokan Hilir, Pelalawan, Siak, and Kampar), male farmers dominated at 90% compared to 10% female farmers. The majority of respondents' education level was high school graduates (56.5%), followed by elementary school graduates (31.75%). In terms of occupation, 83.5% of respondents had oil palm farming as their main profession. In institutional aspects, 83.75% of respondents were members of farmer institutions, with the main motivation being participation in the Smallholder Oil Palm Replanting Program (PSR) at 72%. Income analysis showed an average Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) production of 16,254 kg/ha/year with production costs of IDR 12,792,515/ha/year. With FFB price at IDR 1,664/kg, average farmer income reached IDR 27,079,869/ha/year.

This profit is considered low, only 50% of the ideal standard (IDR 850-1,200/kg). Productivity is influenced by the adoption of recommended fertilization technology and labor use of 4.04 man-days/ha. Farmers have implemented fertilization management according to the 6R principles (right type, dose, time, method, place and tools). The research also revealed that oil palm plantations have had a positive impact on regional economics and rural community welfare in Riau, although challenges remain in optimizing farmer income. This research analyzed three main variables: Group Sustainability, Organizational Capability, and Ecological Sustainability using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Analysis results showed that all indicators have good convergent validity with loading factor values >0.7. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values for all three constructs were above 0.5, with high reliability (Cronbach Alpha >0.9). Of the five structural models analyzed, the strongest relationship was found between Group Sustainability and Ecological Sustainability (path coefficient 0.739), meaning 73.9% of ecological sustainability is influenced by group sustainability. Farmers implementing this model are categorized as bronze farmers as they have implemented two ISPO principles. Other models showed: relationship between Group Sustainability and Organizational Capability (9.3% - iron category), Organizational Capability with Ecological Sustainability (8.2% - silver category), and lower indirect relationships through mediating variables. Overall, only 0.8% of farmers achieved platinum category (implementation of 5 ISPO principles), while 7.8% achieved gold category (implementation of 4 ISPO principles). These findings indicate that successful ISPO implementation heavily depends on the institutional strength of farmer groups and organizational capability in managing legal and environmental aspects.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

2110346727

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau PASCASARJANA Ilmu Lingkungan., 2025

Deskripsi Fisik

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Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

2110346727

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

DISERTASI S3 ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

ayu

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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