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Perancangan Pabrik Betaine Surfactant Dari Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil Dengan Desain Alat Utama Reaktor Amidasi (R-101)

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ABSTRACT
Betaine surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant containing both positive and negative ions in its hydrophilic portion. Betaine surfactant is an industrial product. It is used as a foam enhancer and as an ingredient in various skincare products, such as shampoo, shower gel, and cosmetics, and is safe for sensitive skin. Surfactant production in Indonesia reaches 70,000 tons per year, which is insufficient to meet national needs, so Indonesia remains dependent on imports. Surfactant imports in Indonesia are increasing by 8.15% per year, indicating a significant increase in surfactant demand. According to BPS data (2020), Indonesia's surfactant imports reached 20,000 tons per year. Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil is converted into Betaine surfactant. The planned factory will be built in Dumai City, Riau, Indonesia, due to its strategic location along trade routes, ease of transportation and availability of utilities, and the presence of numerous industries, which facilitates easy access to the required raw materials.
Betaine surfactant production from Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil uses three process stages, namely the amidation process, separation process, and carboxymethylation process. The amidation process is a mixture of hydrogenated palm kernel oil (HPKO) and dimethylaminopropyl amine (DMAPA) which produces amidoamine with a conversion result of 85%. The reaction takes place in a Continuous stirred tank reactor (R-101) which functions as the main tool at 1 atm and a temperature of 85℃. The total amount of electricity consumed for factory needs is 382 kW. Factory utilities, namely water and electricity, are obtained from the water treatment system and the factory's electricity supply with a capacity of 48,014.391 kg/hour and 420.2 kW. For liquid waste processing, the process is carried out through screening, oil separator, equalization, primary process, aeration system and disinfection tank. Instrumentation used in the betaine surfactant factory includes, among others, measuring instruments (sensors) and displays (indicators), controllers, notifications (alarms), and recorders. The variables measured are temperature, flow rate, pressure, and height on the liquid surface.
The profitability analysis conducted on the betaine surfactant plant, including net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI), payback period (PBP), internal rate of return (IRR), and break-even point (BEP), yielded values of Rp325,164,918,543.489, 36.93%, 1.61 years, 29.38%, and 35.84%, respectively, when raw material and product prices remained unchanged. The PBP is considered feasible if the value obtained is less than four years. The plant will achieve a profit if operating above 35.84%. The ROI value at a 0% change is 36.93%. The expected ROI value is in the range of 16–40%, considered very feasible for a high-risk plant. Therefore, this plant is highly feasible.
Keywords: Economic Analysis, Betaine Surfactant, Plant Design, Sensitivity, Utility.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

2107124361

Penerbit

Pekanbaru : Universitas Riau – F.TEKNIK – kimia., 2025

Deskripsi Fisik

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Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

2107124361

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

TEKNIK KIMIA

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

daus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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