ABSTRACT Empty oil palm bunches are lignocellulose biomass waste that has great potential as an alternative fuel. This study aims to evaluate the quality of charcoal briquettes from empty oil palm bunches with variations in the type and concentration of natural adhesives, namely starch and molasses, at concentrations of 7%, 8%, and 9%, respectively. The parameters tested included moisture cont…
ABSTRACT Empty oil palm bunches are lignocellulose biomass waste that has great potential as an alternative fuel. This study aims to evaluate the quality of charcoal briquettes from empty oil palm bunches with variations in the type and concentration of natural adhesives, namely starch and molasses, at concentrations of 7%, 8%, and 9%, respectively. The parameters tested included moisture cont…
ABSTRACT The design of propylene oxide (PO) plant with a production capacity of 25,000 tons/year using the main raw materials of methanol and hydrogen peroxide. The plant is planned to be built in North Bontang District, Bontang City, East Kalimantan Province based on proximity to raw material sources and supporting industrial facilities such as ports, distribution networks, and energy and …
ABSTRACT Dimethyl Ether (DME) is a simple ether compound used as a raw material in industry and as a fuel. DME is a colorless, odorless gas that is soluble in water and oil. It is non-carcinogenic, non-teratogenic, non-mutagenic, and non-toxic. It exhibits environmentally friendly properties because its combustion does not produce sulfuric acid (SOx) and smoke, and produces very low levels of …
ABSTRACT Dimethyl ether (DME) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3OCH3 that functions as a potential fuel substitute for natural gas. DME has physical properties similar to propane and n-butane, making it suitable as a substitute for LPG. DME production is focused on meeting market demand for LPG substitutes and reducing LPG imports in Indonesia. The DME market in Indonesia is …
ABSTRACT Fatty alcohol is a high alcohol compound (aliphatic class) that has a chain length between C8 and C32 that can be produced from animal fat or vegetable oil. Fatty alcohols are generally used as surfactants, emulsifiers, and emollients, for example in detergent, cosmetic, and skincare products. Indonesia has continued to import fatty alcohol for the past five years with an average annu…
ABSTRACT Biodiesel is a sustainable fuel solution to address the scarcity of fossil fuels. It is produced from renewable resources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oil or Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO). Biodiesel derived from WVO is highly competitive as it utilizes waste, making it more economical and environmentally friendly compared to fossil-based fuels. A biodiesel plant …
ABSTRACT Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a solvent used in polymer dissolution, especially in the fiber industry. DMAc being a highly effective and versatile solvent in the chemical industry, it is also often used as an intermediate material in chemical synthesis processes, then its role in polymer production shows that DMAc is an important basic material in the manufacture of industrial end produ…
ABSTRACT Indonesia faces continued import needs for dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to satisfy domestic demand driven by growth in the automotive, electronics, biodiesel and lithium-ion battery industries. Global market analysis indicates a value of USD 1.17 billion and a production volume of 2 million tonnes of DMC in 2023, with a projected growth rate of 7% through 2032. Indonesia’s domestic dema…
ABSTRACT The national demand for Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE) as an environmentally friendly fuel additive continues to increase, while domestic needs are still entirely met through imports, amounting to 238.4 tons per year (BPS, 2023). To reduce dependency on imports and to optimize the utilization of agricultural waste, an ETBE plant is designed with a production capacity of 90,000 tons…
ABSTRACT Ethylene is one of the main petrochemical feedstocks with a wide range of industrial applications, including as a raw material for plastics, textiles, polyester fibers, detergents, and various other chemical products. The demand for ethylene in Indonesia continues to increase, while domestic production capacity remains limited at around 900 thousand tons per year. This condition force…
ABSTRAK Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH) is one of the compounds classified in the group of acetylene derivative compounds. Polyvinyl Alcohol is made from polyvinyl acetate and methanol raw materials. The factory is planned to be built in Dumai City, Riau, Indonesia. Dumai City was chosen to facilitate access to raw material fulfillment. The PVOH factory was built with a capacity of 50,000 tons/year. …
ABSTRACT Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) is an organic chemical compound (C18H30) in the form of a clear liquid used as a raw material for the manufacture of detergents, household cleaning products, agricultural herbicides, ink solvents, and the paint industry. LAB has replaced Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (ABS) as a detergent raw material due to its faster degradation rate, making it more environmentally…
ABSTRACT Global demand for cyclohexanol continues to rise, driven by growth in the textile, plastic, coating, and automotive industries. Despite this demand, Indonesia currently possesses no domestic cyclohexanol production capability and remains reliant on imports to fulfill its needs. This presents a significant opportunity for the establishment of a local manufacturing facility to reduce im…
ABSTRACT Formic acid (HCOOH) is one of the simplest carboxylic acids and is widely used in various industries such as textile, leather, livestock, and chemical industries as an intermediate compound. The formic acid market in Indonesia is projected to experience significant growth from 2023 to 2029, driven by rising demand from the chemical, pharmaceutical, textile (IKFT), and latex industries…
ABSTRACT Ethylene and acetic acid are among the most important petrochemical compounds in the chemical industry, serving as the primary raw materials in the manufacture of polyethylene, ethylene glycol, styrene, and various other derivative products. Meanwhile, acetic acid is used in the manufacture of adhesives, synthetic fibers (such as acetate), solvents, and as an intermediate in the pharm…
ABSTRACT Polyethylene is classified as a fundamental industrial product in the polymer industry as it has the highest production volume worldwide. LLDPE is a linear polymer with many short branches processed by copolymerization of ethylene with short-chain α-olefins in the form of 1-octene using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst and cyclohexane solvent. The level of plastic production in Indonesia, wh…
ABSTRACT Ethylene is one of the main petrochemical feedstocks with a wide range of industrial applications, including as a raw material for plastics, textiles, polyester fibers, detergents, and various other chemical products. The demand for ethylene in Indonesia continues to increase, while domestic production capacity remains limited at around 900 thousand tons per year. This condition force…
ABSTRACT Acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) is a highly important intermediate chemical, commonly used as a raw material for producing lactic acid, ethyl acetate, pentaerythritol, n-butanol, and various other chemical derivatives. The demand for acetaldehyde in Indonesia is currently still met through imports. Data from the Central Statistics Agency shows a significant increase in import volume between 20…
ABSTRACT Betaine surfactant, widely used as a co-agent in various chemical products, is primarily applied in the formulation of personal care items, classifying it as a bio-resource. Indonesia’s domestic surfactant production currently stands at 70,000 tons per year, which remains insufficient to meet national demand. Consequently, the country relies on imports, which have increased by 8.15%…