ABSTRACT Biobutanol is an alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels which can be produced from natural materials or from production waste containing sugar and starch. The combustion energy of butanol (27,800 kJ/L) is greater than ethanol (21,100 kJ/L), although lower than gasoline (31,200 kJ/L), so the amount of butanol needed to produce the same energy as burning gasoline is less tha…
ABSTRACT Biosurfactant has ability to reduce surface tension and be used as bioremediation to increase the ability to extract petroleum both in land and offshore. In the production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria are used for biotransformation synthesis and glucose as a substrate. This plant is planned ro operate for 330 days per year with batch system and capacit…
ABSTRACT Phenol or hydroxybenzene is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH, has a molecular weight of 94.11 g / mol and is hygroscopic. Phenol compounds have a melting point of 41 oC and a boiling point of 181.9 oC. Phenol has a limited solubility in water which is 8.3 g / 100 mL. The process of making phenol starts from the alkylation of benzene with propylene to cumene using …
ABSTRACT Phenol or hydroxybenzene is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH, has a molecular weight of 94.11 g / mol and is hygroscopic. Phenol compounds have a melting point of 41 oC and a boiling point of 181.9 oC. Phenol has a limited solubility in water which is 8.3 g / 100 mL. The process of making phenol starts from the alkylation of benzene with propylene to cumene using …
ABSTRACT Biobutanol is an alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels which can be produced from natural materials or from production waste containing sugar and starch. The main raw materials used in the manufacture of biobutanol by the fermentation process are off grade glucose and the bacteria Clostridium acetobutylicum. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work …
ABSTRACT Surfactants have many uses in the industrial world, namely as emulsifiers, wetting agents and detergents. The main raw materials used in making biosurfactants using the fermentation process are Off-Grade Glucose and P.aeruginosa bacteria. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work continuously 24 hours/day with a capacity of 8,000 tons/year which will be establi…
ABSTRACT Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid composed of 16 carbon atoms with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)14COOH. In the current industrial era, palmitic acid has an important role and is widely used in the fields of cosmetics and coloring. The main raw materials used in making palmitic acid using this hydrolysis process are CPO and water. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days …
Formic or methanoic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids with the molecular formula CH2O2. Formic acid is an important organic product that is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, leather, cellulose industry in the production of pentaerythritol, latex, and as a preservative for feed ingredients in agriculture. The main raw materials used are formaldehyde and oxygen using the form…
ABSTRACT Formic or methanoic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids with the molecular formula CH2O2. Formic acid is an important organic product that is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, leather, cellulose industry in the production of pentaerythritol, latex, and as a preservative for feed ingredients in agriculture. The main raw materials used are formaldehyde and oxygen usin…
ABSTRACT Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid composed of 16 carbon atoms (CH3(CH2)14COOH). Palmitic acid has a high composition, namely around 44%. When viewed from a nutritional perspective, palmitic acid is an important source of calories. Apart from that, this product is also widely used in the fields of cosmetics and coloring. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year an…
ABSTRACT The Widening Project to Add Lanes to the Siak IV Pekanbaru Access Road is one of the road construction projects that experienced a delay of 27.791% of the planned schedule. The delay requires risk identification and assessment as an initial form of risk management. This study aims to identify the causative factors of the risk of delays during the construction period by using one o…
ABSTRACT The high level of side obstacles due to market activities is one of the causes of disruption to the smooth flow of traffic on the HR. Soebrantas road in front of Pasar Simpang Baru Panam. One of them is on-street parking activity. On-street parking can reduce the effective road width and road capacity, which will affect the performance of the road section. From the analysis, it is fou…
ABSTRACT Tribology is a scientific field that studies the interaction of surfaces involving friction, wear, and lubrication in relative motion. Lubrication is one effective method to reduce friction and wear. To minimize the use of environmentally negative mineral oil-based lubricant, alternative lubricant sources such as vegetable oils, including palm oil, are utilized. In this research, RBD …
ABSTRACT Tribology is a science that focuses in friction, wear, and lubrication between two asperities undergoing relative motion. Any friction occurred between base body and contacy body may resulting some wear particles that detached from the two asperities. To minimize the wear phenomenon, lubricants must be added between the base body and the contact body. Lubrication in one method tha…
ABSTRACT Tribology is a science that focuses in friction, wear, and lubrication between two asperities undergoing relative motion. Any friction occurred between base body and contacy body may resulting some wear particles that detached from the two asperities. To minimize the wear phenomenon, lubricants must be added between the base body and the contact body. Lubrication in one method that is…
ABSTRACT Ethylene glycol with the molecular formula C2H6O2 is a colorless and odorless liquid, relatively volatile with low viscosity. Ethylene glycol is used mainly as an antifreeze in car radiators and as a raw material for the manufacture of polyester fibers, besides that as an auxiliary material in the latex industry and coolant in compressors. The main raw materials used in the manufactur…
ABSTRACT Calcium hydroxide is a chemical compound that is very useful as a raw material in the gypsum, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), citric acid, paper and sugar industries. Based on BPS data, Indonesia is one of the most important calcium hydroxide producers in the Asian region. Therefore, a calcium hydroxide factory was designed to operate continuously for 330 days/year with a capa…
ABSTRACT Rainfall data plays an important role in predicting flood risk and drought. Due to the high cost of establishing and operating rainfall observation stations and the difficult topography of mountainous areas, the number of rain observation stations is limited. Rainfall measurements at each observation station are point rainfall data. The GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) satellite…
ABSTRACT The buck converter functions to control the DC voltage by making the output voltage smaller than the input voltage. The use of buck conveter has problems with the output voltage, so a control system is needed that is able to stabilize the output voltage of the buck converter. The purpose of the thesis is to design and simulate a buck converter DC-DC solar charger system using PID contr…
ABSTRACT Bangau Sakti Road is located in Bina Widya Sub-district of Pekanbaru City, this road connects HR Soebrantas road and Naga Sakti road which is a collector road, with a short distance, so this road is classified as a local road. In the urban transportation system, Pekanbaru is one of the cities that has a high level of vehicle density that causes traffic congestion. Bangau Sakti is a ro…