Penicillium sp. LBKURCC27 is an isolate that can be used to produce orange pigment. The resulting color pigments can color silk and cotton fabrics well. This research aims to explore the potential of local isolates of Penicillium sp. LBKURCC27 as a source of natural orange pigment with variations in urea concentration as a nitrogen source for pigment production and cell growth. The research was…
Skin is an organ that covers the entire outer surface of the human body and plays an important role as a protector. The skin can experience damage caused by free radicals from ultra violet (UV) rays, namely skin cancer and hyperpigmentation. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies to find alternative compounds from natural ingredients that have the potential to act as antioxidants and i…
Research conducted by Gaol et al., (2023) had shown that Penicillium sp. LBKURCC27 was able to produce an orange pigment in potato dextrose broth (PDB) media with a pH of 5.5. As one step to increase the level of production of extracellular pigments and intracellular pigments by Penicillium sp. LBKURCC27, this research had two aims. The first aim was to determine the optimal amount of inoculum…
Antimicrobials are substances that can inhibit or kill the growth of pathogenic microbes. Pathogenic microorganisms are microorganisms that can cause disease in other organisms. Antimicrobials include antibacterial and antifungal. Antibacterials are substances that can inhibit the growth of bacteria and can kill pathogenic bacteria, while antifungals are substances that can inhibit and kill pat…
Depression was a psychological disorder with treatment effort carried out through antidepressant theraphy. One of natural ingredient that was reported to have potential as an antidepressant is areca nut which has been tested in vivo using the FST (Forced Swim Test) method with multiple simultaneous animal tests. In vivo test results showed that EMPM (Methanol Extract of Young Pinang Seeds) at a…
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in this research were LAB isolates from the traditional food Pekasam from Kuantan Singingi Regency which was processed by fermentation. These bacteria have the potential to produce secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial activity. This study aims to test the antimicrobial activity of LAB against 5 different groups of pathogenic bacteria and the aflatoxi…
The need for benzyl chloride in Indonesia reaches 950368 kg/year. Currently there is no factory that produces benzyl chloride so Indonesia imports it from abroad such as China. Benzyl chloride can be formed through the chlorination process. In the chlorination process, toluene is reacted with chlorine and produces benzyl chloride with high purity. In the chlorination process, the reaction occur…
Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is a colorless and odorless liquid, relatively volatile with low viscosity. Ethylene glycol is used mainly as an antifreeze in automobile radiators and as a raw material for the manufacture of polyester fibers, in addition to that as an auxiliary material in the latex industry and a coolant in compressors. The process of making ethylene glycol is carried out by reacting…
Butanediol is a bifunctional alcohol widely used in various industrial and medical applications. In the industry, butanediol is used as an organic solvent and as an intermediate in the manufacturing of several types of plastics and synthetic fibers. The butanediol plant is planned to be operational in 2030. To meet the demand for butanediol, a plant with a capacity of 30,000 tons per year is de…
Sodium Lignosulfonate is a type of surfactant widely used in the industry due to its ability to reduce surface and interface tension,as an emulsion system stabilizert and as a good despering agent. The manufacture of Sodium Lignosulfonate at this factory uses the Sulfonation process. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work continuously 24 hours/day with a capacity of 2…
Isopropyl alcohol (C3H7OH) is a colorless, volatile and flammable liquid. Isopropyl alcohol has various uses, both as a final product and intermediate. Some examples of isopropyl alcohol as a final product are: as a solvent, the manufacture of chemicals in agriculture, additives in medicines, and antiseptic ingredients. As an intermediate product, isopropyl alcohol is used for the production of…
Methanol (methyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a characteristic light alcoholic odor with the molecular formula CH3OH. Methanol acts as a basic chemical which is widely used in various industries as an intermediate compound which is a raw material for various industries. The main raw materials used in making methanol are coal and oxygen. Coal gasification technology is…
Methyl Methacrylate is a chemical with organic components for leather coatings, the cosmetics industry, the paint industry, the household equipment industry, the polymer industry and for other industries. The manufacture of Methyl Methacrylate at this factory uses the Direct Oxidative Esterification process. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work continuously 24 hours…
Vinyl chloride is commonly produced as an ingredient for polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The purpose of establishing a vinyl chloride plant is to increase domestic production capacity and build Indonesia's ability to become an exporter. Vinyl chloride is produced through a direct chlorination process with ethane and chlorine as the main raw materials. The process takes place in a…
Ethyl benzene is a single-ringed aromatic alkyl organic compound. These aromatic hydrocarbon compounds are important compounds in the petrochemical industry as intermediate compounds in producing styrene. Ethyl benzene is also used to make other chemicals, namely as a solvent in ink, adhesive rubber, varnish and paint. The need for ethyl benzene, both domestic and foreign, increases every year.…
The need for caprolactam is increasing every year, while the availability of caprolactam in the country is non-existent. Until now, the need for caprolactam in Indonesia is met by importing it from other countries, such as China, Japan, India, Hong Kong and the United States. Over the last four years, imports of caprolactam have been relatively large, namely around 29,000 tons to 35,000 tons pe…
Caprolactam is one of the petrochemical industry products that is currently increasingly needed. The use of caprolactam products in the industrial world is very extensive. This can be seen from its use in the caproic amino acid plastics industry, polyurethanes, car paints, and mainly used as raw material for nylon-6. Caprolactam is also required in the film, imitation leather, synthetic fiber, …
Rice (Oryza Sativa) is one of the main agricultural products in Indonesia. In the rice processing proses, a by product is produced in the form of rice husks. Rice husk waste has not been utilized optimally even though it is a raw material that can be developed and is available in large quantities and cheaply. Rice husks have a high carbon content, therefore rice husks can be used as raw materia…
Based on PISA data involving 81 countries, students' scientific literacy in Indonesia is ranked 68th in the PISA scientific proficiency measurement. To improve students' scientific literacy skills, it is necessary to develop assessment instruments in the form of scientific literacy instruments. Low scientific literacy among students will have an impact on students' ability to solve problems. Ac…
In the current era of globalization, science learning should be able to form a scientifically literate attitude in students who have the ability to think scientifically to be able to solve individual problems and issues in society so that they can act as good human resources. Students often find less than optimal learning resources in the form of innovative alternative media, as independent lea…