Oil palm as a plant that produces palm oil and palm kernel is one of the favorite plantation crops which is a source of non-oil and gas foreign exchange for Indonesia. In Indonesia, the cooking oil most often used is palm cooking oil. This condition is caused by Indonesia being a palm oil producing country, this oil is also quite ideal in terms of price and availability. This feasibility study …
Oil palm (Elaeis Quinensis, Jacq) is a tropical plant belonging to the Palmae family and originating from West Africa. Processing palm oil fruit will produce crude palm oil (CPO or Crude Palm Oil) which is yellow and palm kernel oil (PKO or Palm Kernel Oil) which is colorless (clear). One of the components contained in CPO is palmitic acid with high composition, namely around 44%. Palmitic acid…
Vinyl chloride is generally produced as a material for making polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The aim of establishing a vinyl chloride factory is to increase domestic production capacity and build Indonesia's ability to become an exporter. Vinyl chloride is produced through a direct chlorination process with the main raw materials being ethylene and chlorine. This process tak…
Pre-design of a Diisopropyl Ether Plant with Main Equipment Design for an Fixed Bed Multitube Reactor with a production capacity of 56,000 tons/year. The raw material used in designing a diisopropyl ether factory is acetone (C3H6O) and hydrogen (H2). The processes used are the Hydrogenation and Etherification processes. The raw material preparation process begins by changing the pressure and te…
Vinyl chloride is generally produced as a material for making polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The aim of establishing a vinyl chloride factory is to increase domestic production capacity and build Indonesia's ability to become an exporter. Vinyl chloride is produced through a direct chlorination process with the main raw materials being ethylene and chlorine. This process takes p…
The rapidly growing textile industry has an adverse impact due the improper treatment of dye waste. One of the possible wastes from a textile industry is methylene blue (MB). The treatment of the liquid waste containing dyes in general has been carried out by researchers with various methods. Fenton-like method is among the available methods used in the treatment of dye effluents and this metho…
Pyrazoline is a five-circle heterocyclic compound that has two nitrogen atoms close to each other and has one endocyclic double bond which has diverse biological activities, one of which is as an anticancer. The pyrazoline compound 5-(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (14) was successfully synthesized through two reaction stages. The first stage of chalc…
Wastewater pollution has a negative impact on the environment, especially water, because of the large amount of dyes such as methylene blue used in the textile industry
Pyrazoline is a five-ring heterocyclic compound which has nitrogen atoms and one endocyclic double bond in the ring which has various bioactivities such as anticancer.
Vinyl chloride is a colorless, gaseous, and highly flammable chlorinated hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C2H3Cl. Vinyl chloride is used in the polymer industry, such as making polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is widely used as a plastic material, adhesive layer, and pipe. The raw material used in making vinyl chloride are ethylene and chlorine. The direct chlorination process of et…
Aniline is an organic compound which is included in the aromatic compounds with the molecular formula C6H5NH2 in the form of a colorless oily liquid which has a characteristic sweet amine odor. Aniline is used as an initial raw material for synthesizing dyes, a raw material for the synthesis of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and is also used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber, th…
Benzoic acid is a chemical compound with the formula C6H5COOH which is a simple cyclic aromatic compound (C6H¬¬6) linked to a carboxylic group (COOH). This product is a chemical in the form of a solid organic acid in the form of white flakes, flammable, soluble in alcohol, ether, volatile and explosive. Benzoic acid can be synthesized from various organic substances such as benzyl alcohol, be…
Bisphenol-A or commonly abbreviated as BPA, also known as 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, is an organic component with two phenol functional groups. Bisphenol-A is used to produce polycarbonate plastics and resins. The reason for establishing a Bisphenol-A factory in Indonesia is to meet domestic needs so as to reduce the value of imports. The Bisphenol-A factory uses raw materials in the for…
Trisodium phosphate is a product that is needed in the industrial, medical and household worlds. Trisodium phosphate is the most complex compound and commercial products generally vary in composition and often contain excess sodium hydroxide. The dual salts of trisodium phosphate and sodium hypochlorite are active sources of alkalinity and chlorine in disinfectant cleaners and automatic dishwas…
Vanillin is widely used as a flavoring for sweet foods such as cakes, muffins, cakes, ice cream and soft drinks. One possible route for producing vanillin is by using biomass-based raw materials. The process carried out is through controlled oxidation of lignin, where making lignin-based vanillin is very appropriate in Indonesia. A study regarding the feasibility of building a vanillin factory …
Zeolite is an alumina silicate mineral that is effective as ion exchange. Synthetic zeolite has higher purity than natural zeolite and its adsorption activity is better. TiO2 semiconductor has a low absorption capacity that only occurs on the surface of the catalyst, so a support is needed to be able to to perform methylene blue degradation as well as possible. Zeolite is used as a support in t…
The cryptomelane-type manganese oxide catalyst was synthesized using KMnO4 and glucose through a co-precipitation method with simultaneous mixing. The ratio of reactant concentrations of KMnO4 to glucose was 0.4M/0.6M; 0.2M/0.3M; 0.08M/0.12M; and 0.04M/0.06M. Characterization of the synthesized catalyst was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Raman sp…
Rubber tree mistletoe (Helixanthera sp) is a plant from the Loranthaceae family. This plant is still considered a parasite by local people and is not used as a raw material for medicines because local people do not know the properties of this mistletoe. Therefore, researchers conducted research on the Helixanthera sp species with the aim of isolating and characterizing secondary metabolite comp…
The leban plant (Vitex pubescens Vahl) is one of the medicinal plants of the Vitex genus and the Lamiaceae family. Lebanese plants have been widely used by the community as traditional medicine to treat several diseases and have been reported to contain active compounds betulinic acid, 14-deoxyandrographolida, and andrographolida. To minimize the use of plants as a source of biologically active…
Hydrazone is a substitution compound with a stable imine-type that possesses an azomethine group (-NH-N=C-R-). Hydrazone is one of the chemical compounds that has garnered attention for development. The purpose of this research is to synthesize the hydrazone compound N’-[(1E)-1-{4-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy] phenyl}ethylidene]pyridin-4-carbohydrazide, which has been successfully synthesized th…