Aniline is an organic compound which is included in the aromatic compounds with the molecular formula C6H5NH2 in the form of a colorless oily liquid which has a characteristic sweet amine odor. Aniline is used as an initial raw material for synthesizing dyes, a raw material for the synthesis of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and is also used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber, th…
Benzoic acid is a chemical compound with the formula C6H5COOH which is a simple cyclic aromatic compound (C6H¬¬6) linked to a carboxylic group (COOH). This product is a chemical in the form of a solid organic acid in the form of white flakes, flammable, soluble in alcohol, ether, volatile and explosive. Benzoic acid can be synthesized from various organic substances such as benzyl alcohol, be…
Bisphenol-A or commonly abbreviated as BPA, also known as 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, is an organic component with two phenol functional groups. Bisphenol-A is used to produce polycarbonate plastics and resins. The reason for establishing a Bisphenol-A factory in Indonesia is to meet domestic needs so as to reduce the value of imports. The Bisphenol-A factory uses raw materials in the for…
Trisodium phosphate is a product that is needed in the industrial, medical and household worlds. Trisodium phosphate is the most complex compound and commercial products generally vary in composition and often contain excess sodium hydroxide. The dual salts of trisodium phosphate and sodium hypochlorite are active sources of alkalinity and chlorine in disinfectant cleaners and automatic dishwas…
Vanillin is widely used as a flavoring for sweet foods such as cakes, muffins, cakes, ice cream and soft drinks. One possible route for producing vanillin is by using biomass-based raw materials. The process carried out is through controlled oxidation of lignin, where making lignin-based vanillin is very appropriate in Indonesia. A study regarding the feasibility of building a vanillin factory …
Zeolite is an alumina silicate mineral that is effective as ion exchange. Synthetic zeolite has higher purity than natural zeolite and its adsorption activity is better. TiO2 semiconductor has a low absorption capacity that only occurs on the surface of the catalyst, so a support is needed to be able to to perform methylene blue degradation as well as possible. Zeolite is used as a support in t…
The cryptomelane-type manganese oxide catalyst was synthesized using KMnO4 and glucose through a co-precipitation method with simultaneous mixing. The ratio of reactant concentrations of KMnO4 to glucose was 0.4M/0.6M; 0.2M/0.3M; 0.08M/0.12M; and 0.04M/0.06M. Characterization of the synthesized catalyst was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Raman sp…
Rubber tree mistletoe (Helixanthera sp) is a plant from the Loranthaceae family. This plant is still considered a parasite by local people and is not used as a raw material for medicines because local people do not know the properties of this mistletoe. Therefore, researchers conducted research on the Helixanthera sp species with the aim of isolating and characterizing secondary metabolite comp…
The leban plant (Vitex pubescens Vahl) is one of the medicinal plants of the Vitex genus and the Lamiaceae family. Lebanese plants have been widely used by the community as traditional medicine to treat several diseases and have been reported to contain active compounds betulinic acid, 14-deoxyandrographolida, and andrographolida. To minimize the use of plants as a source of biologically active…
Hydrazone is a substitution compound with a stable imine-type that possesses an azomethine group (-NH-N=C-R-). Hydrazone is one of the chemical compounds that has garnered attention for development. The purpose of this research is to synthesize the hydrazone compound N’-[(1E)-1-{4-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy] phenyl}ethylidene]pyridin-4-carbohydrazide, which has been successfully synthesized th…
Pyrazolin is a five-loop heterocyclic compound that has two nitrogen atoms close to each other in its ring and contains one endocyclic double bond. Pyrazolin is known to have many biological activities, such as anticancer. The compound 4-(5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-yl) phenol abbreviated as P3OME-4OH-4NTR was successfully synthesized through three reaction…
Pyrazoline has two nitrogen atoms adjacent to each other in its ring and possess only one endocyclic double bond. This compound has bioactivity such as antibacterial, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer and others. Pyrazoline, which has functional groups such as chloro, fluoro, bromo, and methoxy, has various pharmacological activities, such as being an anticancer agent. T…
Plumeria rubra. L or also known as the red frangipani plant is a type of plant that contains various secondary metabolites and has been widely used as a medicine to cure several diseases. This research aims to isolate and characterize pure compounds from the methanol extract of Plumeria rubra flowers and then carry out antioxidant tests on the extract and fractionation results using DPPH free r…
Pyrazoline is five ring heterocyclic compounds with two adjacent nitrogen atoms which is known to have diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, antitumor and anticancer agent. Pyrazoline (5-(2-bromophenyl)-3-(1-hydroxynaphthalene-2- yl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole has successfully synthesized with several phases of reaction. The reaction begins formation of chalcone 3-(2-bromophe…
Manganese oxide is an important compound in nature for the transformation of various compounds into simpler compounds. Manganese oxide in nature is generally mixed with fellow manganese oxide but has a different structure and other metal oxides so it is difficult to characterize. Synthesis of manganese oxide can be carried out using the sol-gel method. With this method, the structure of mangane…
Industrial processes are one of the causes of environmental pollution which can be seen from the waste produced. A dye pollutant that is difficult to decomposes is methylene blue (MB). Manganese oxides minerals are ubiquitous in the environmental settings, strong oxidant and play an important role to transform unwanted chemicals into environmentally smaller compounds. Manganese oxides can be …
Oil palm as a plant that produces palm oil and palm kernel is one of the favorite plantation crops which is a source of non-oil and gas foreign exchange for Indonesia. In Indonesia, the cooking oil most often used is palm cooking oil. This condition is caused by Indonesia being a palm oil producing country, this oil is also quite ideal in terms of price and availability. This feasibility study …
Citric acid is a fatty organic acid that can be obtained from plants, or from materials with a high total sugar content (molasses) with the chemical formula C6H8O7 or CH2(COOH)-COH(COOH)-CH2(COOH). In Indonesia, there is a need for citric acid for raw materials and supporting materials for food and beverages, detergents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and others. Citric acid can be produced through…
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is an important ingredient in the chemical industry because it is used in various industries such as paper, soap and textiles. The need for sodium hydroxide in Indonesia is still met by importing it from abroad. With the establishment of the sodium hydroxide factory, it is hoped that it can reduce dependence on imported sodium hydroxide and can spur industrial growth in …
Vinyl chloride is a colorless, gaseous, and highly flammable chlorinated hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C2H3Cl. Vinyl chloride is used in the polymer industry, such as making polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is widely used as a plastic material, adhesive layer, and pipe. The raw material used in making vinyl chloride are ethylene and chlorine. The direct chlorination process of et…