Citric acid is a fatty organic acid that can be obtained from plants, or from materials with a high total sugar content (molasses) with the chemical formula C6H8O7 or CH2(COOH)-COH(COOH)-CH2(COOH). In Indonesia, there is a need for citric acid for raw materials and supporting materials for food and beverages, detergents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and others. Citric acid can be produced through…
Herbal tea is a drink made from different types of herbs, such as the leaves, seeds, or roots of plants. Herbal tea can have various health benefits, depending on the type of plant used. The objectives to be achieved in this study were to make herbal tea from arabian bidara leaves by knowing the effect of different drying times on testing water content, yield and ash content, and comparing the …
Methyl chloride with the molecular formula CH3Cl, usually used as the main material for silicone fluids synthesis. Silicone fluids then processed into anti-foaming agent, release agent, and light lubricant. The main raw materials used in the manufacture of methyl chloride by the methanol hydrochlorination process are methanol and hydrochloride acid. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days …
The Hexamine factory in the form of PT. HMTA INDUSTRIAL INDONESIA is designed to have a production capacity of 10,000 tons/year with a Rotary Dryer (B-101) main equipment design. Hexamine or hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) has wide use in the chemical industry, namely as an accelerator in the rubber industry, TNT mixture in the explosives industry, shrink-proofing agent in the textile industry, …
Industri kimia di Indonesia mulai berkembang seiring dengan banyak kebutuhan akan produksi bahan baku yang akan digunakan bagi industri lain maupun kebutuhan produk siap pakai. Permintaan pasar Indonesia terhadap asam benzoat masih. Kekurangan ini dapat diatasi dengan melakukan aktivitas impor asam benzoat untuk industri Indonesia. Tingkat aktifitas ekspor-impordidunia, khususnya diwilayah asia…
Calcium oxide (CaO) is a catalyst that is widely used for biodiesel synthesis reactions, but the CaO catalyst has the weakness of a low surface area. Therefore, to increase biodiesel yield the CaO catalyst needs to be modified using silica to increase the catalyst surface area and catalytic activity. The aim of this research is to synthesize and characterize the CaO catalyst modified by SiO2 ar…
Biosynthesis is one of the synthesis methods that used plants as reductor. The secondary metabolite compund in plants can be used as bioreductor fo synthesize silver nanoparticles. Biosynthesis has advantages in pharmacy and biomedic application, low cost, no press needed, high energy and temperature, and it doesn’t need poisonous chemicals. The purpose of this research was to synthesize silv…
Palm fronds were chosen as the raw material for activated carbon due to their content of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The carbonization process took place at 600°C for 60 minutes to produce palm frond charcoal, followed by chemical and physical activation. The chemical activation process used KOH with a charcoal:KOH weight ratio (g:g) of 1:1 in 100 mL of demineralized water. The proce…
The fungal collections, Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1, Trichoderma asperelloides LBKURCC2 and Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 are fungi isolated from plantation soil and peat soil in Riau Province. These fungi have the potential to produce secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial activity. This study aims to examine the antagonistic activity between local isolates of Riau fungi; LBKURCC1, LBKU…
The application of Maredan natural clay as an adsorbent has several advantages, such as low cost, abundant availability and good adsorption efficiency. In this research, Maredan natural clay was used to adsorb lead in water. The purpose of this research was determine the optimum contact time and optimum concentration of adsorbate in lead adsorption process using Maredan natural clay. This resea…
The CaO catalyst derived from blood cockle shells used for biodiesel synthesis has the weakness of a small surface area, so it needs to be modified with a porous material to increase its catalytic activity. One of the porous materials used is SiO2, which comes from areca palm ash. The aim of this research is to synthesize a CaO catalyst modified by SiO2 from areca palm ash using the wet impregn…
The utilization of oil palm fronds as a source of biochar is a step to reduce the waste produced by oil palm plantations. The chemical composition contained in palm fronds such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin can be used as a source of biochar. Palm fronds were converted into biochar through pyrolysis process in N2 gas stream with temperature variation of 500, 600 and 700 °C for 60 minu…
The manganese oxide mineral was an oxidizer which plays an important role in the transformation of various simpler compounds. This mineral was generally mixed with manganese oxide which has a different structure and other metal oxides. Manganese oxide is a term used to describe various types of manganese oxide such as MnO. MnO2O3. Mn3O4. and MnO2. Synthesis ohengf manganese oxide with various s…
Maredan clay is a natural material that potential as a raw material for making zeolite synthesis. Zeolite from Maredan clay was used as an adsorbent to adsorb lead(II) metal. Purpose of experiment to synthesis zeolite from Maredan clay due to high SiO2 and Al2O3 contains. Maredan clay was characterized used XRF to determinethe oxide contain. The method used in zeolit sythesis is alkaline hydrot…
Laccase enzyme is an extracellular enzyme that can catalyze the lignin degradation process, and degradation of textile dyes by oxidation. The advantages of using the laccase enzyme is because the laccase enzyme oxidizes the substrate without H2O2 so this enzyme is more environmentally friendly. This research used laccase enzymes A and B obtained from the fungi Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1. …
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454 is a strain that produces nisin, a group of antimicrobial peptides recognized by the FDA as a safe food preservative. L. lactis ATCC 11454-ldh∆nisRKox is a genetically engineered strain created by knocking out the ldh gene and overexpressing the nisRK genes in L. lactis ATCC 11454, aiming to enhance nisin production. Nisin belongs to the bacteriocin…
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (-CH2-CH2-)n. HDPE has slightly opaque characteristics and is transparent and elastic. This chemical has a melting point above 127°C at 1 atm pressure. One of the processes that can be used in synthesizing HDPE is the CX-Mitsui process with Ziegler-Natta catalyst which operates at a pressure of 0.2-0.7 MPa and a…
Ethylene Glycol is a glycol with a simple diol compound. The main raw material used in making ethylene glycol using a direct oxidation process is ethylene. This factory is planned to operate for 330 days per year and work continuously 24 hours/day with a capacity of 200,000 tons/year which will be established in the city of Cilegon, Banten. The company form chosen is a Limited Liability Company…
Azabenzene azine, also known by the name pyridine, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N, featuring a substituted nitrogen atom in the benzene ring. Pyridine is commonly employed as a raw material in the production of pharmaceuticals such as antimicrobial agents, antiviral agents, antidiabetic agents, and anti-inflammatory agents. The demand for pyridine in Indonesia is current…
Pre-design of an ethylene glycol plant from dimethyl oxalate and hydrogen or PT. Glycol Chemicals has a production capacity of 210,000 tons/year with a total production capacity per day for 330 days of 636.3 tons/day. The factory will be established in the Krakatau Industrial Estate Cilegon (KIEC) Industrial Area, Citangkil District, Cilegon City, Banten in 2025. The process used in this factor…