ABSTRACT Domestic wastewater has become an important issue that arises in line with the increasing human population. Domestic wastewater contains high organic matter, so it can reduce water quality if it is directly discharged into water bodies. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Environment in 2014 around 60-70% of rivers in Indonesia have been polluted by domestic wastewater. For this r…
ABSTRACT Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a compound that exhibits versatile reactivity and is widely used in chemical transformation reactions such as methylation, carbonylation, and methoxycarbonylation. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is also considered one of the alternative additive substances capable of replacing conventional additives due to its environmentally friendly nature compared to other add…
ABSTRACT Trisodium phospate is a product needed in the industrial, medical, and household world. Trisodium phospate is the most complex compound and commercial products generally vary in composition and often contain excess sodium hydroxide. Trisodium phospate is a strong base, most uses of trisodium phospate depend on its own characteristics. For example, many heavy cleaners contain trisodium…
ABSTRACT The polymer industry produces various types of plastic products, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and so on. In the process of making polymers, besides requiring resin as the main raw material, it also requires plasticizers as additional materials. Plasticizers are materials added to resin to make it soft and easy to shape. Dimethyl phthalate is one type of plasticizer used. Dimethy…
ABSTRACT Styrene (C6H5CH=CH2) is the simplest aromatic monomer and is a petrochemical product that is widely used to make synthetic rubber and plastics. Styrene is known commercially as styrene monomer (SM), styrene is produced in large quantities for polymerization. In this design, a styrene plant will be built with a capacity of 50,000 tons/year in the industrial area of Dumai City, Riau. S…
ABSTRACT Carbon in peat soil persists in the form of organic matter, which, when peat forests are cleared, can easily decompose and emit CO2 as a result of soil respiration. Carbon sequestration is an effort to store carbon in the soil using organic solids such as biochar. One biomass that can be utilized to produce biochar is sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse contains lignocellulosic conte…
ABSTRACT Peat water in Riau Province has the potential to meet the water demand in the region in terms of quantity. However, in terms of quality, it does not meet the criteria for clean water and requires treatment. The aim of this research is to analyze the characteristics, adsorption efficiency of organic matter and color in peat water, and calculate the adsorption capacity and equilibrium m…
ABSTRACT High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (-CH2- CH2-)n. HDPE has slightly hazy and transparent characteristics, as well as being elastic. This chemical has a melting point above 127°C at a pressure of 1 atm. Process of HDPE production is the CX-Mitsui process with Ziegler-Natta catalyst, which operates at 0.2-0.7 MPa and temperature at range …
SUMMARY Pyrrosia longifolia is an epiphytic plant that belongs to the family Polypodiaceae. Other species, such as P. petiolosa and P. lancelota have been reported as sources of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, however this species has not received as much attention as it acknowledges. The purpose of this research was to isolate secondary metabolites having antioxidant activity from …
SUMMARY Palm shell fly ash is a waste generated from the processing of palm oil industry, however, its utilization has not been widely studied. This study aims to utilize fly ash as a substitute for sand in the manufacture of lightweight bricks using the mixing method. This research was conducted with the % weight ratio of cement: foaming agent: sand: the fly ash of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. Both th…
SUMMARY Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the plants that can has the potential to be used as a deterrent to particle agglomeration for photocatalyst synthesis in wastewater treatment. In this study, catalyst ZnO/Bentonite using hyacinth plant extract (E.E.G) have been synthesized by carrying out the reaction between ZnCl2, KOH, bentonite and water hyacinth extract functioning as templ…
Critical thinking skills are skills in analyzing and evaluating existing information to determine reliable information so that it can be used to draw valid conclusions. The low ability to think critically is caused by students tendency to memorize material and formulas rather than understand concepts. The concepts in the buffer solution material absolutely must be understood by students as a wh…
vii SUMMARY Fly ash is one of the by-products of the palm oil mill. Fly ash contains silica which can be used as a raw material for synthesis of zeolite. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the synthesized zeolite A with variations in hydrothermal time and to determine the ability of the synthesized zeolite A to adsorb lead(II) ions in solution. The synthesis of …
ABSTRACT The rate of population growth in Indonesia every year is categorized as high, this causes a greater need for the use of water consumption which is in line with the amount of domestic wastewater produced. Domestic wastewater contains high organic matter, so it can reduce water quality if it is directly discharged into water bodies without prior treatment. One alternative treatment …
ABSTRAK Sago pulp is waste from the sago processing industry which is processed into sago flour and has the potential to be used as an alternative energy fuel. In this study, sago waste can be used as charcoal briquettes. Charcoal briquettes are made through several stages, namely composing, mixing with adhesive, pressing, and drying. Characteristics of the quality of briquettes include mo…
The development of 21st century education requires educators to design appropriate teaching materials to support the achievement of learning objectives using technology applications. With the convenience offered, it is hoped that the learning process will run more efficiently, attract and increase students' learning interest. This study aims to produce a product in the form of a valid E-Mod…
Assessment is one of the fundamental components of learning. The assessment aims to provide objective feedback on what students have learned and measure the learning effectiveness. The assessment of learning outcomes and the learning process are crucial components that cannot be separated. Assessment can provide information that can enhance students' knowledge of learning and aid teachers in th…
The rapid development of carbon-based two-dimensional nanomaterials has attracted the attention of researchers who are working on developing new materials with unique properties, one of which is graphene. As graphene continues to develop, researchers are persistently exploring various synthesis methods to produce high-quality graphene (with minimized layers and defects) in an economical ma…
The E-Instrument for Critical Thinking Assessment based on scientific literacy and multiple intelligences is used to measure critical thinking skills based on data by providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, providing further explanations and developing strategies and tactics. The e-assessment instrument was developed and adapted to indicators of critical thinking based…
This study aims to describe the level of understanding of students and the factors that cause learning difficulties using the instrument Higher Thinking Order Skills (hots) in chemistry lessons on the subject matter of ionic equilibrium and the pH of a buffer solution. The subjects of this study were 108 students consisting of 4 classes XI MIPA. This research method used is quantitative an…