ABSTRACT Formic acid is used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in animal feed, as a coagulant in the rubber industry, as a raw material for leather tanning and textile processes, and as a reducing agent in various chemical reactions. The demand for formic acid in Indonesia in 2023 is 3,444,836 tons and is projected to increase by 14,323 tons by 2032. The plant design aims to produce fo…
ABSTRACT Hexene-1 is a linear, unbranched isomer of hexene with the chemical formula C6H12. Hexene-1 is a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor, soluble in most organic solvents but insoluble in water. Hexene-1 also provides tear resistance and other desirable properties to polyethylene, thus its main use as a comonomer in the production of High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) and Line…
ABSTRACT Paraxylene (C₈H₁₀) is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound widely used as the primary raw material in the production of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) for the manufacture of polyester and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Paraxylene derivatives are extensively applied in the textile fiber, film, resin, packaging plastic, and chemical additive in…
ABSTRACT The increasing demand for basic chemicals has prompted Indonesia to produce its own chemicals, which until now have been imported. One example is acrolein, which according to data from the Central Statistics Agency (2023), Indonesia still imports around 2,098,592 kg/year. Acrolein is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde (C₃H₄O) that plays an important role as a raw material for vario…
ABSTRACT Betaine surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant containing both positive and negative ions in its hydrophilic portion. Betaine surfactant is an industrial product. It is used as a foam enhancer and as an ingredient in various skincare products, such as shampoo, shower gel, and cosmetics, and is safe for sensitive skin. Surfactant production in Indonesia reaches 70,000 tons per year, wh…
ABSTRACT Nitric acid (HNO₃) is a crucial industrial chemical widely used in various sectors, particularly as a raw material for producing ammonium nitrate fertilizers, explosives, and in the metal industry. The increasing demand for nitric acid in Indonesia each year is not aligned with the still limited domestic production capacity, causing Indonesia to rely on imports to meet national need…
ABSTRACT Acetic acid is an essential chemical widely used across various industries. It is utilized in the production of polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), cellulose acetate, and polyvinyl acetate, as well as in various types of fibers and textiles. In addition, acetic acid serves as an acidity regulator in the food industry, a raw material in chemical industries such as Purifi…
ABSTRACT Hydrogen peroxide is widely used as an oxidant, bleaching agent, disinfectant, polymer initiator, and cross-linker in various fields, such as papermaking, textiles, chemical synthesis, military, electronics, food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, environmental protection, and metallurgy. Hydrogen peroxide production in Indonesia reaches 110,000 tons per year, which is insufficient to meet …
ABSTRACT Phthalic anhydride (C8H4O3) is a chemical used in the manufacture of plastics and polymers. One of its main applications is as a raw material for the production of plasticizers, unsaturated polyester resins, alkyd resins, and other derivative products. Indonesia's phthalic anhydride needs are met by PT Petrowidada in Gresik, Indonesia, with a production capacity of 70,000 tons/yea…
Anandathov Kiswara ABSTRACT Caprolactam is an organic compound with the chemical formula (C6H11NO). At room temperature, caprolactam is a white crystalline solid with a distinctive odor. Caprolactam is categorized as an industrial product because it is used in the textile industry as a raw material for the manufacture of nylon-6, which is the starting material for the manufacture of synthetic…
ABSTRACT High-density polyethylene(HDPE)is apolymer producedof repeatingethylenemonomer units with the chemical formula (C2H4)n. HDPE is produced through the polymerization process of ethylene, 1-butene, hydrogen, a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and the addition of hexane as a solvent. Demand for HDPE in Indonesia continues to increase, but local HDPE production is insufficient to meet domestic dema…
ABSTRACT The increasing demand for basic chemicals has prompted Indonesia to produce its own chemicals, which until now have been imported. One example is acrolein, which according to data from the Central Statistics Agency (2023), Indonesia still imports around 2.098.592 kg/year. Acrolein is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde (C₃H₄O) that plays an important role as a raw material for …
ABSTRACT PCI and PCU type girders have similarities in the economic span range, which is 25–40 meters, as stated in the Practical Guidelines for Bridge Technical Planning (2021). This study aims to compare the use of PCI and PCU girders on the Siak Bridge sta. 195+500 Trans Sumatra Toll Road Rengat-Pekanbaru section Lingkar Pekanbaru. The comparison is made based on the parameters of pre…
ABSTRACT The high dependence on fossil fuels has encouraged the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) to develop environmentally friendly fuels. In addition to implementing the use of fuel from a mixture of diesel and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of 30 percent (B-30), the government is also encouraging the development of green diesel with crude palm oil (CPO) as its raw material. C…
ABSTRACT Hexamine (C6H12N4) is a strategic chemical that is widely used in the production of resins, explosives, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and various national downstream industries. The continuously increasing domestic demand is still dominated by imported products, so the establishment of a hexamine plant in Indonesia is very important to reduce import dependence as well as to strengthen th…
ABSTRACT Peat water has characteristics of reddish-brown color, acidic pH, and high dissolved organic matter content, especially hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. These fractions cause the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as THM and HAA, which are harmful to health. Coagulation is an effective method used to reduce organic matter content in peat water, but the use of synt…
ABSTRACT Peat water contains high levels of dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM can be classified into four fractions, which are strongly hydrophobic (HPOA), weakly hydrophobic (TPH), charged hydrophilic (HPIC), and neutral hydrophilic (HPIN). These fractions can cause the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as THM and HAA, so treatment is need to make it suitable for daily use. …
ABSTRACT Regions where hydrological data are not available for the unit hydrograph method, the synthetic unit hydrograph method (SUH) is applied which utilizes the physical characteristics of the watershed. Some of the available synthetic unit hydrograph that utilizes the physical characteristics of the watershed are the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), Snyder, GAMA 1, ITB, and Limantara m…
ABSTRACT HR. Soebrantas Street is one of the main corridors in Pekanbaru City, serving a strategic function as a connecting route between educational, commercial, and residential areas. However, the high volume of vehicles, especially during peak hours, often leads to severe traffic congestion. One of the major contributors to this congestion is the U-Turn facility located in front of Pond…
ABSTRACT Stone Matrix Asphalt mix is an asphalt mix that excels in resistance to permanent deformation (rutting) due to its interlocking structure. However, this mix is costly and requires high amounts of asphalt and stabilizer. The use of stabilizers in this mixture serves to prevent draindown (the separation of asphalt from the mixture) in the form of cellulose fibers or polymer fibers, …